linux安装oracle数据库

1、oracle11g安装包下载

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1dYFlzLvdPNx53vGSyHE3GQ
提取码：5frs

2、安装包准备

将安装包上传到Linux服务器并解压

unzip  p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
unzip  p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

3、关闭selinux

vi /etc/selinux/config

设置SELINUX=disabled

4、执行setenforce 0

5、安装Oracle 11g依赖包

如新环境未安装依赖包，请执行以下语句，如没有外网，请查找离线安装方式

yum install gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static ksh libaio libaio-develnumactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel –y

6、新建Oracle用户和用户组

groupadd -g 200 oinstall 
groupadd -g 201 dba 
useradd -u 440 -g oinstall -G dba oracle （主组oinstall，其它组：dba）
passwd oracle
输入两遍oracle密码

7、内核参数调整

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmax = 17179869184
kernel.sem = 510 65280 510 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
vm.swappiness = 0
vm.dirty_background_ratio = 3
vm.dirty_ratio = 80
vm.dirty_expire_centisecs = 500
vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs = 100
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304

执行sysctl -p 命令#使配置生效

8、修改用户的限制文件

vi /etc/security/limits.conf
添加以下内容
oracle      soft   nproc  4097
oracle      hard   nproc  16384
oracle      soft   nofile  1024
oracle      hard   nofile  65536
oracle      hard   stack  10240

9、修改/etc/pam.d/login文件：

vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required  /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required   pam_limits.so 

10、修改/etc/profile文件

vim /etc/profile

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
  if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
      ulimit -p 16384
      ulimit -n 65536
  else
      ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
  fi
fi 

11、创建安装目录和设置文件权限

mkdir -p /data/oracle/product/11.2.0
mkdir /data/oracle/oradata
mkdir /data/oracle/inventory
mkdir /data/oracle/fast_recovery_area
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle
chmod -R 775 /data/oracle

12、设置oracle环境变量

切换到Oracle用户下

su -l oracle
vi .bash_profile

添加以下内容

ORACLE_base=/data/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_base/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_SID=dcab
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_base ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH

执行source .bash_profile

13、编辑静默安装响应文件

cp -R /software/database/response/ .
cd response/
vim db_install.rsp

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWonLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_base=/data/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

14、根据响应文件静默安装Oracle11g

cd /software/database/
./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install

退出到root身份登录，执行脚本：

sh /data/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh

sh /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh

15、以静默方式配置监听

重新使用oracle用户登录：

 su -l oracle
执行netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp

此时需要注意，oracle用户的密码不能包含@字符，否则会提示错误。

成功运行后，在/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin中生成listener.ora和sqlnet.ora

通过netstat命令可以查看1521端口正在监听。

netstat -tnulp | grep 1521

16、以静默方式建立新库，同时也建立一个对应的实例

vi /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp

修改文件中以下参数：
[GENERAL]
oracle版本，不能更改
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
Description   : Type of operation
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATAbase]
Description   : Global database name of the database
全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名# 第三方工具链接数据库的时候使用的service名称
GDBNAME = "dcab"
Description   : System identifier (SID) of the database
对应的实例名字
SID = "dcab"
Description   : Name of the template
建库用的模板文件
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
Description   : Password for SYS user
SYS管理员密码 (password请改成你设置的密码，以下同样)
SYSPASSWORD = "password"
Description   : Password for SYSTEM user
SYSTEM管理员密码
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "password"
Description   : Password for SYSMAN user
SYSMAN管理员密码
SYSMANPASSWORD = "password"
Description   : Password for DBSNMP user
DBSNMP管理员密码
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "password"
Description   : Location of the data file's
数据文件存放目录
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/data/oracle/oradata
Description   : Location of the data file's
恢复数据存放目录
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/data/oracle/fast_recovery_area
Description   : Character set of the database
字符集，重要!!! 建库后一般不能更改，所以建库前要确定清楚。
(CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8" NATIonALCHARACTERSET= "UTF8")
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
Description   : total memory in MB to allocate to Oracle
oracle内存1638MB,物理内存2G*80%
TOTALMEMORY = "26214"

进行静默配置

dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp

建库后进行实例进程检查

ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep

17、监听设置 1、查看监听状态

lsnrctl status

2、如未启动成功

将/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora内容改为

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /data/oracle/product/11.2.0)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
      (ENVS ="EXTPROC_DLLS=ONLY:/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/oraclr11.dll")
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = dcab)
      (SID_NAME = dcab)
    )
  )
LISTENER =
  (DEscriptION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.30.118.4)(PORT = 1521))
  )
ADR_base_LISTENER = /data/oracle

将/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/tnsnames.ora内容改为

DCAB =
  (DEscriptION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.30.118.4)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = dcab)
    )
  )

重新启动监听

lsnrctl start

再次查看监听状态

lsnrctl status

18、通过plsql developer等工具测试登录

.2.0/network/admin/tnsnames.ora内容改为

DCAB =
  (DEscriptION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.30.118.4)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = dcab)
    )
  )

重新启动监听

lsnrctl start

再次查看监听状态

lsnrctl status

18、通过plsql developer等工具测试登录