- 一 DNS简介
- 二 DNS域名解析（正向解析）
- 三 DNS域名解析（反向解析）
1.DNS简介
DNS（域名系统）是将域名和IP地址相互映射的分布式数据库，更方便我们访问互联网。
2.DNS使用端口
DNS使用TCP和UDP53端口，TCP53端口连接DNS服务器，UDP53端口解析DNS。
3.DNS作用
正向解析：根据域名查找对应的IP地址
反向解析：根据IP地址查找对应的域名
安装bind软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install bind
查看需要修改的配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qc bind #查询bind配置文件所在路径 /etc/named.conf #主配置文件 /etc/named/rfc1912.zonrs #区域配置文件 /var/named/named.localhost #区域数据配置文件
关闭防火墙及系统安全防护
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service [root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service. [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
修改主配置文件
修改区域配置文件
修改区域数据文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/named/ [root@localhost /var/named]# ls data dynamic named.ca named.empty named.localhost named.loopback slaves [root@localhost /var/named]# cp -p named.localhost mq.com.zone [root@localhost /var/named]# ls data dynamic mq.com.zone named.ca named.empty named.localhost named.loopback slaves
开启服务，并修改DNS服务器IP地址
[root@localhost /var/named]# systemctl start named [root@localhost /var/named]# vim /etc/resolv.conf [root@localhost /var/named]# cat /etc/resolv.conf # Generated by NetworkManager nameserver 192.168.88.20
修改DNS1，并重启网卡
[root@localhost /var/named]# systemctl restart network
验证DNS正向解析
[root@localhost /var/named]# host www.mq.com www.mq.com has address 192.168.88.60 [root@localhost /var/named]# host mail.mq.com mail.mq.com has address 192.168.88.66 [root@localhost /var/named]# host ftp.mq.com ftp.mq.com is an alias for www.mq.com. www.mq.com has address 192.168.88.60 [root@localhost /var/named]# host nn.mq.com nn.mq.com has address 192.168.88.100三 DNS域名解析（反向解析）
修改区域配置文件之前的操作和正向解析一样，只需从区域配置文件开始修改。
修改区域数据配置文件
[root@localhost /var/named]# ls data dynamic mq.com.zone named.ca named.empty named.localhost named.loopback slaves [root@localhost /var/named]# cp -p named.localhost mq.com.zone.local [root@localhost /var/named]# ls data dynamic mq.com.zone mq.com.zone.local named.ca named.empty named.localhost named.loopback slaves
重启服务
[root@localhost /var/named]# systemctl restart named
验证DNS反向解析
[root@localhost /var/named]# host 192.168.88.70 70.88.168.192.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer www.mq.com.88.168.192.in-addr.arpa. [root@localhost /var/named]# host 192.168.88.80 80.88.168.192.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer mail.mq.com.88.168.192.in-addr.arpa. [root@localhost /var/named]# host 192.168.88.90 90.88.168.192.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer ftp.mq.com.88.168.192.in-addr.arpa.
