要求
在虚拟机上添加 4 个 1G 的硬盘； 创建 raid5，其中一个作为热备盘, 设备名为md0; 将 md0 设置为 LVM，设备为/dev/vg01/lv01； 格式化为 ext4 文件系统; 开机自动挂载到/data 目录
首先给虚拟机添加4块10G的网卡， 然后重启虚拟机
查看新添加的硬盘，有点奇怪，为什么原先的硬盘变成sdb了，无所谓了
root@debian:~# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors Disk model: VMware Virtual S Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/sdb: 120 GiB, 128849018880 bytes, 251658240 sectors Disk model: VMware Virtual S Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xa6af50b5 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdb1 * 2048 249657343 249655296 119G 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 249659390 251656191 1996802 975M 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 249659392 251656191 1996800 975M 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdc: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors Disk model: VMware Virtual S Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/sdd: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors Disk model: VMware Virtual S Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/sde: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors Disk model: VMware Virtual S Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
然后安装mdadm和lvm2
root@debian:~# apt install -y mdadm lvm2
创建raid5，并添加一块磁盘作为热备，当有硬盘损坏时，会自动启用热备盘
-n 3 表示使用三块硬盘（raid5最少需要3块硬盘）
-x 1 表示使用一块热备盘
-l 5 表示使用raid5
使用的磁盘注意要和自己主机上的硬盘相对应，不要弄错了
root@debian:~# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 5 -n 3 -x 1 /dev/sd[c-e] /dev/sda mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
查看新创建的raid5
root@debian:~# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Thu Nov 25 20:47:01 2021
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Used Dev Size : 10476544 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Thu Nov 25 20:47:53 2021
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Consistency Policy : resync
Name : debian:0 (local to host debian)
UUID : ad8e9446:91715e8b:d4240537:655a8eef
Events : 18
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 32 0 active sync /dev/sdc
1 8 48 1 active sync /dev/sdd
4 8 64 2 active sync /dev/sde
3 8 0 - spare /dev/sda
三块磁盘处于活跃状态，剩下的一块就是热备盘了
接下来创建lvm卷组
root@debian:~# vgcreate vg01 /dev/md0 Physical volume "/dev/md0" successfully created. Volume group "vg01" successfully created
创建逻辑卷
-n 指定逻辑卷名
-L 指定逻辑卷大小
这里创建了一个1G的逻辑卷
root@debian:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg01/lv01 mke2fs 1.46.2 (28-Feb-2021) Creating filesystem with 262144 4k blocks and 65536 inodes Filesystem UUID: bf2c26e2-50c2-4697-8761-87b8c90c1400 Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
root@debian:~# lvcreate -n lv01 -L 1G vg01 Logical volume "lv01" created.
输入 fdisk -l 可以查看到
Disk /dev/mapper/vg01-lv01: 1 GiB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 524288 bytes / 1048576 bytes
然后格式化新创建的逻辑卷
root@debian:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg01/lv01 mke2fs 1.46.2 (28-Feb-2021) Creating filesystem with 262144 4k blocks and 65536 inodes Filesystem UUID: bf2c26e2-50c2-4697-8761-87b8c90c1400 Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
创建挂载点并挂载
root@debian:~# cd / root@debian:/# mkdir data root@debian:/# mount /dev/vg01/lv01 /data/
修改 /etc/fstab，设置开机自动挂载
首先使用blkid查看/dev/vg01./lv01的uuid，使用uuid写入到/etc/fstab中实现开机自动挂载
root@debian:/# blkid /dev/vg01/lv01 /dev/vg01/lv01: UUID="bf2c26e2-50c2-4697-8761-87b8c90c1400" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"
root@debian:/# vim /etc/fstab
写入以下内容
UUID=bf2c26e2-50c2-4697-8761-87b8c90c1400 /data ext4 defaults 00
这样在开机的时候就会自动挂载了
