在UTDD的流程中，通常会从上到下进行模拟，流程如下：
Controller接口单元测试
–》Controller接口代码实现
–》Api接口单元测试
–》Api接口代码实现
那么我们先从Controller的单元测试模拟开始：
一、MockMvc功能介绍：
MockMvc是由spring-test包提供，实现了对Http请求的模拟，能够直接使用网络的形式，转换到Controller的调用，使得测试速度快、不依赖网络环境。同时提供了一套验证的工具，结果的验证十分方便。
接口MockMvcBuilder，提供一个唯一的build方法，用来构造MockMvc。
主要有两个实现：StandaloneMockMvcBuilder和DefaultMockMvcBuilder，分别对应两种测试方式，即独立安装和集成Web环境测试（并不会集成真正的web环境，而是通过相应的Mock API进行模拟测试，无须启动服务器）。
MockMvcBuilders提供了对应的创建方法standaloneSetup方法和webAppContextSetup方法，在使用时直接调用即可。
二、代码示例：
首先是pom坐标：
4.0.0 org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-parent 2.5.5 com.example loan-server 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT loan-server loan-server 1.8 1.16.0 org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-web com.alibaba fastjson 1.2.24 org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-test org.junit.jupiter junit-jupiter test org.junit.vintage junit-vintage-engine test junit junit 4.12 test org.jmockit jmockit 1.19 test com.h2database h2 1.4.197 test com.baomidou mybatis-plus-boot-starter 3.4.3.4 org.testcontainers testcontainers-bom ${testcontainers.version} pom import org.springframework.boot spring-boot-maven-plugin
2.Controller接口测试类：
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@SpringBootTest(classes = LoanServerApplication.class)//这里放启动类
public class LoanControllerTest {
MockMvc mockMvc;
@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;
@Before
public void setUp() {
mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext)
.addFilter(((request, response, chain) -> {
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
chain.doFilter(request, response);
})).build();
}
@Test
public void should_get_userLoanPlan_success_byGet() throws Exception {
String result = mockMvc.perform(
get("/loan-plans/{idCard}", "412233333333"))
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andReturn()
.getResponse()
.getContentAsString();
String expected = "{"createdAt":"2021-11-23T00:41:49.257479","gender":"MALE","houseMaterial":{"age":0,"price":10000},"id":1,"idCard":"412233333333","income":10000,"lenderAge":35,"name":"王一","togetherLender":{"idCard":"111111111","income":10000},"updatedAt":"2021-11-23T00:41:49.257512"}";
JSONComparator comparator = new CustomComparator(JSONCompareMode.LENIENT,
new Customization("id", (o1, o2) -> true),
new Customization("createdAt", (o1, o2) -> true),
new Customization("updatedAt", (o1, o2) -> true)
);
JSONAssert.assertEquals(expected, result, comparator);
}
@Test
public void should_get_userLoanPlan_success_byPost() throws Exception {
String result = mockMvc.perform(
post("/loan-plans/{idCard}", "412233333333"))
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andReturn()
.getResponse()
.getContentAsString();
String expected = "{"createdAt":"2021-11-23T00:41:49.257479","gender":"MALE","houseMaterial":{"age":0,"price":10000},"id":1,"idCard":"412233333333","income":10000,"lenderAge":35,"name":"王一","togetherLender":{"idCard":"111111111","income":10000},"updatedAt":"2021-11-23T00:41:49.257512"}";
JSONComparator comparator = new CustomComparator(JSONCompareMode.LENIENT,
new Customization("id", (o1, o2) -> true),
new Customization("createdAt", (o1, o2) -> true),
new Customization("updatedAt", (o1, o2) -> true)
);
JSONAssert.assertEquals(expected, result, comparator);
}
}
3、Controller接口代码
@RestController
@RequestMapping("loan-plans")
public class LoanController {
@GetMapping("/{idCard}")
public JSONObject getUserLoadPlanMaterial(@PathVariable String idCard) {
String result = "{"createdAt":"2021-10-23T00:41:49.257479","gender":"MALE","houseMaterial":{"age":0,"price":10000},"id":1,"idCard":"412233333333","income":10000,"lenderAge":35,"name":"王一","togetherLender":{"idCard":"111111111","income":10000},"updatedAt":"2021-10-23T00:41:49.257512"}";
return JSONObject.parseObject(result);
}
@PostMapping("/{idCard}")
public JSONObject Test(@PathVariable String idCard) {
String result = "{"createdAt":"2021-10-23T00:41:49.257479","gender":"MALE","houseMaterial":{"age":0,"price":10000},"id":1,"idCard":"412233333333","income":10000,"lenderAge":35,"name":"王一","togetherLender":{"idCard":"111111111","income":10000},"updatedAt":"2021-10-23T00:41:49.257512"}";
return JSONObject.parseObject(result);
}
}
这里我们通过MockMvc实现了一个简单的get/post请求接口的模拟及单元测试的编写~ 有兴趣的可以尝试一下~ 还可以拓展一些其他接口的单元测试~
喜欢的朋友欢迎一键三连。我们一起学习，进步~~
