保姆级Docker知识梳理，一篇文章带你入门Docker

Docker知识梳理

引言
- 为什么学Docker
- Docker相关名词
- Docker安装
- 配置阿里云镜像加速
- Docker的基本命令
- - 镜像命令
  - - 查看本机中所有的镜像
    - 搜索镜像
    - 下载镜像
    - 删除镜像
    - - 删除指定镜像
      - 删除所有镜像
  - 容器命令
  - - 运行镜像
  - 其他命令
  - - 查看docker版本信息
    - 查看docker详细信息
    - 查看docker的帮助命令

引言

现在的java开发人员真的是太难了，之前需要学习前端做全栈，如今还需要会架构和懂些运维的知识了，也就是DevOps(开发及运维)，引用B站狂神老师说的一句话就是只要学不死，就往死里学！！！现在给大家分享下从狂神老师那里学来的Docker中的知识梳理（学习阶段我是在windows上面操作的）。

为什么学Docker

Docker与传统虚拟机有什么不同：

1.传统虚拟机需要虚拟出一整个操作系统，而Docker是直接运行在宿主机上的。
2.Docker的每个容器中都有自己的文件系统，互不影响。

Docker的优点

1.应用更快的交付和部署
2.更便捷的升级和扩缩容
3.更简单的系统运维
4.更高效的计算资源利用

Docker相关名词

1.镜像（Image）：Docker 镜像（Image），就相当于是一个 root 文件系统。比如官方镜像 ubuntu:16.04 就包含了完整的一套 Ubuntu16.04 最小系统的 root 文件系统。

2.容器（Container）：镜像（Image）和容器（Container）的关系，就像是面向对象程序设计中的类和实例一样，镜像是静态的定义，容器是镜像运行时的实体。容器可以被创建、启动、停止、删除、暂停等。

3.仓库（Repository）：仓库可看成一个代码控制中心，用来保存镜像。

Docker安装

1.进入Docker官网https://docs.docker.com/
2.点击Download and install

3.侧边栏找到Get Docker,然后我这边选择的Windows版本的

4.下载Docker Desktop Installer.exe

配置阿里云镜像加速

由于Docker下载镜像默认是在国外比较慢，所以我们可以配置阿里云镜像加快下载速度，这点就跟Maven差不多。https://xxxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com这个需要换成自己的地址。获取方式https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_32247833/article/details/79767263

{
  "debug": true,
  "experimental": false,
  "registry-mirrors": [
    "https://xxxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
    "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"
  ]
}

Docker的基本命令

官方命令文档：https://docs.docker.com/reference/

镜像命令查看本机中所有的镜像

docker images

PS C:UsersASUS> docker images                                                                                         
REPOSITORY      TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql           latest    ecac195d15af   4 weeks ago    516MB
redis           latest    7faaec683238   5 weeks ago    113MB
centos          latest    5d0da3dc9764   2 months ago   231MB
kibana          latest    a674d23325b0   3 years ago    388MB
elasticsearch   latest    5acf0e8da90b   3 years ago    486MB

搜索镜像

docker search [镜像名]

PS C:UsersASUS> docker search mysql
NAME                              DEscriptION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11686     [OK]
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4452      [OK]
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   868                  [OK]
percona                           Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   561       [OK]
phpmyadmin                        phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M…   371       [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7           MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   91
mysql/mysql-cluster               Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr…   89
centurylink/mysql                 Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link…   59                   [OK]
databack/mysql-backup             Back up mysql databases to... anywhere!         52
prom/mysqld-exporter                                                              43                   [OK]
deitch/mysql-backup               REPLACeD! Please use http://hub.docker.com/r…   41                   [OK]
tutum/mysql                       base docker image to run a MySQL database se…   35
linuxserver/mysql                 A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe…   34
schickling/mysql-backup-s3        Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic backup…   31                   [OK]
mysql/mysql-router                MySQL Router provides transparent routing be…   23
centos/mysql-56-centos7           MySQL 5.6 SQL database server                   20
arey/mysql-client                 Run a MySQL client from a docker container      19                   [OK]
fradelg/mysql-cron-backup         MySQL/MariaDB database backup using cron tas…   16                   [OK]
openshift/mysql-55-centos7        DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 image…   6
ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb   An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL                3                    [OK]
devilbox/mysql                    Retagged MySQL, MariaDB and PerconaDB offici…   3
idoall/mysql                      MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   3                    [OK]
jelastic/mysql                    An image of the MySQL database server mainta…   2
centos/mysql-80-centos7           MySQL 8.0 SQL database server                   1
widdpim/mysql-client              Dockerized MySQL Client (5.7) including Curl…   1                    [OK]

下载镜像

docker pull [镜像名][:版本号]

PS C:UsersASUS> docker pull kibana                                                                                    
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/kibana
f189db1b88b3: Pull complete                                                                                             
8e4c00d0a2f1: Pull complete                                                                                             
ae50ad228104: Pull complete                                                                                             
228a7a369ee9: Pull complete                                                                                             
5272eb2224c2: Pull complete                                                                                             
b0a91590498c: Pull complete                                                                                             
4b8a31943945: Pull complete                                                                                            
df84b481e461: Pull complete                                                                                             
0863f2e045e0: Pull complete                                                                                             
Digest: sha256:8b3ea5e4974be2e916d5a5e7fbe2bd3a8f229c374525361372192736459083f9
Status: Downloaded newer image for kibana:latest
docker.io/library/kibana:latest

删除镜像删除指定镜像

docker rmi -f [镜像名] || [镜像id]

PS C:UsersASUS> docker rmi -f kibana                                                                                     
Untagged: kibana:latest
Untagged: kibana@sha256:8b3ea5e4974be2e916d5a5e7fbe2bd3a8f229c374525361372192736459083f9
Deleted: sha256:a674d23325b02611f19c1dc1fa73d9e4570d06cb8701cfb0350db3d24f9d0113
Deleted: sha256:21e8a7f26865db255c09b005c2c552d5761933f78ccaed182d213e4186fa8546
Deleted: sha256:b99918d3b00a638b6f901eca66c47a673c941c903e62a14c98cfbd9c6e0fb794
Deleted: sha256:86fc0bdb6ac014769f0cbf760839f31209a3aa3b6818a9c97a93dbcfb9693d5c
Deleted: sha256:2c9d66820273235afc234b027f88944ce4f287d55a3e7565b528b7cc781958de
Deleted: sha256:c908d693f2f114f4d2950ba54f45554ee51df008c1cdc35fc8bb1831d03c5887
Deleted: sha256:ff560d56ba1533338d1fa11e6f030f061d02e5ada6db7329cfe8d4f1c7bf8e8b
Deleted: sha256:8a5478d8668717b59584bfb55b52856a5b1f5f73a35966e19d69945d2f2960ea
Deleted: sha256:e6e9f204fabbec051641de49fae8f8a5a9c07e071cea3692764391f2263972ea
Deleted: sha256:8c466bf4ca6ffdda8b7717b1cd6fe31109529ee64e626a003a224fb8bd2bc469

删除所有镜像

docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)

PS C:UsersASUS> docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)                                                                    
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:6d7d4524463fe6e2b893ffc2b89543c81dec7ef82fb2020a1b27606666464d87
Deleted: sha256:ecac195d15afac2335de52fd7a0e34202fe582731963d31830f1b97700bf9509
Deleted: sha256:451fe04d80b84c0b7aca0f0bbdaa5de7c7ac85a65389ed5d3ed492f63ac092e2
Deleted: sha256:814cbf8bc7f6bb85685e5b803e16a76406c30d1960c566eee76303ffac600600
Deleted: sha256:735f72e1d1b936bb641b6a1283e4e60bf10a0c36f8244a5e3f8c7d58fa95b98a
Deleted: sha256:f2d209a30c3950fadffb2d82e1faa434da0753bee7aacad9cdec7d8a7a83df37
Deleted: sha256:03b9f8c5331d9534d2372a144bcffc8402e5f7972c9e4b85c634bef203ec6d20
Deleted: sha256:80f5487a88b8061855e99782979ed6069a8dd1c7dfbb1eb63fe42a4a9d119436
Deleted: sha256:f791a6c727931d41c51f8bf24ee32a4dbf0169f372b174f1ff89b4836b97c48e
Deleted: sha256:4c88df098412e11a98936509f3cede57f87154b350b0f75d96713f6e1dd56101
Deleted: sha256:fdba3a2cd286d9a5f65fc00f5254048855ae7dc00f3b3fa3356981eb9a7fe6d0
Deleted: sha256:8b3a69042e0da82429d28be0c474e73290ba4908730de22b2200a7aac9b245bd
Deleted: sha256:90afe56a0643f5bf1b1e8ee147b40a8e12b3fdd7e26bc2d2c50180d68dd524d0
Deleted: sha256:e81bff2725dbc0bf2003db10272fef362e882eb96353055778a66cda430cf81b
Untagged: redis:latest
Untagged: redis@sha256:54ee15a0b0d2c661d46b9bfbf55b181f9a4e7ddf8bf693eec5703dac2c0f5546
Deleted: sha256:7faaec68323851b2265bddb239bd9476c7d4e4335e9fd88cbfcc1df374dded2f
Deleted: sha256:e6deb90762475cda72e21895911f830ed99fd1cc6d920d92873270be91235274
Deleted: sha256:2649acad13241d9c8d81e49357bc66cce459b352ded7f423d70ede7bd3bb7b89
Deleted: sha256:64007bba5fc220df4d3da33cecdc2d55dd6a73528c138b0fa1acd79fd6a9c217
Deleted: sha256:b2cc2f1bf8b1cca8ba7c19e1697f7b73755903ad8f880b83673fd6a697aca935
Deleted: sha256:fbd1283ab782925be4d990bd4bebe9ad5e5cf9a525abfb6fa87465e072da9d31
Deleted: sha256:e8b689711f21f9301c40bf2131ce1a1905c3aa09def1de5ec43cf0adf652576e
Untagged: centos:latest
Untagged: centos@sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Deleted: sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6
Deleted: sha256:74ddd0ec08fa43d09f32636ba91a0a3053b02cb4627c35051aff89f853606b59
Untagged: elasticsearch:latest
Untagged: elasticsearch@sha256:a8081d995ef3443dc6d077093172a5931e02cdb8ffddbf05c67e01d348a9770e
Deleted: sha256:5acf0e8da90b995bace9fdc8f12c02ba323441873a509c19258ce0afa6754d0b
Deleted: sha256:66c749d879b8f40691241aca69d87717e54b6be68ec73208d9a44b533f9204f7
Deleted: sha256:8a53ac29c9bef5f702cb3324c53f13997067674706188805084499bbea6a7825
Deleted: sha256:2ca0bc84de8539404abd6acca448b3d14e6c8fefbfb15bcfc43e123efbe329ad
Deleted: sha256:a1cb23c8850af10cde5b351bfec97c402d57bfbf78169c520d69642139528fbc
Deleted: sha256:374b29a54b5a6a91d9e647eed0230b75654ed55ae719014c38faf3dc27d03472
Deleted: sha256:1ccc05345091bb39b170180859e4312e43432e1694ce1964e0fb4fc3548d4fd2
Deleted: sha256:3ffda1330d17210a51b1e69f385339369edae86f2b481e3418756c853fff85f2
Deleted: sha256:eb25282c86a6f048cf9c766b6456d074ce22952ace1573d090852e460d448a91
Deleted: sha256:ace97896118c74c99d4555445966e9e16b7e7f7670fde53d33d9753b84f4247f
Deleted: sha256:a9de2214d67d0d7bf40e88e646bb75e3a95cd21c614121449c2873ab4236f41c
Deleted: sha256:0e3c6dece00c9e96b98787480de7c821a1cf7a7ac33883e0b6a386c2b22d285f
Deleted: sha256:be985ef6c5ce96739cbe924702dc83fa1c05b0635178cf939985ead10ca4177f
Deleted: sha256:54a32bd7a949afcfc50488df9a48db13f5bfc63c282a09db4aa2fb499012c21f
Deleted: sha256:7d5f2843cac2368781293d71139c6c30fbb6b7029f6fd4424da858e7f2772875
Deleted: sha256:b28ef0b6fef80faa25436bec0a1375214d9a23a91e9b75975bba3b2889f8504f

容器命令运行镜像

docker run [可选参数] [镜像名]
可选参数
1.- -name=“Name” 设置容器名称
2.-d 后台方式运行
3.-it 以交互的方式运行，进入容器查看内容
4.-p 指定容器的端口号

-p ip:主机端口：容器端口
-p 主机端口：容器端口（常用）
-p 容器端口

5.-P 随机指定端口

PS C:UsersASUS> docker run -it centos /bin/bash                                                                       
[root@a1de24fa18d8 /]#

其他命令查看docker版本信息

docker version

PS C:UsersASUS> docker version
Client:
 Cloud integration: v1.0.20
 Version:           20.10.10
 API version:       1.41
 Go version:        go1.16.9
 Git commit:        b485636
 Built:             Mon Oct 25 07:47:53 2021
 OS/Arch:           windows/amd64
 Context:           default
 Experimental:      true

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          20.10.10
  API version:      1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.16.9
  Git commit:       e2f740d
  Built:            Mon Oct 25 07:41:30 2021
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.4.11
  GitCommit:        5b46e404f6b9f661a205e28d59c982d3634148f8
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.2
  GitCommit:        v1.0.2-0-g52b36a2
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0

查看docker详细信息

docker info

PS C:UsersASUS> docker info
Client:
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
  buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.6.3)
  compose: Docker Compose (Docker Inc., v2.1.1)
  scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., 0.9.0)

Server:
 Containers: 5
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 5
 Images: 5
 Server Version: 20.10.10
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: extfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
  userxattr: false
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Cgroup Version: 1
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 5b46e404f6b9f661a205e28d59c982d3634148f8
 runc version: v1.0.2-0-g52b36a2
 init version: de40ad0
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 5.10.16.3-microsoft-standard-WSL2
 Operating System: Docker Desktop
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 12
 Total Memory: 12.35GiB
 Name: docker-desktop
 ID: HOLJ:RUSV:ZVZV:LAPU:TN5P:Y6XW:AT7Z:LK6H:VWCZ:ZFPK:K3E5:C5WG
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: true
  File Descriptors: 42
  Goroutines: 43
  System Time: 2021-11-16T09:07:40.3106784Z
  EventsListeners: 3
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Registry Mirrors:
  https://018e61ce.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
 Live Restore Enabled: false

WARNING: No blkio throttle.read_bps_device support
WARNING: No blkio throttle.write_bps_device support
WARNING: No blkio throttle.read_iops_device support
WARNING: No blkio throttle.write_iops_device support

查看docker的帮助命令

docker 命令 --help

PS C:UsersASUS> docker version --help  
Show the Docker version information

Usage:
  docker version [flags]

Flags:
  -f, --format string       Format the output. Values: [pretty | json]. (Default: pretty)
  -h, --help                Help for version
      --kubeconfig string   Kubernetes config file

保姆级Docker知识梳理，一篇文章带你入门Docker

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