人脸识别与向量机

一、基于dlib库人脸特征提取

二、人脸P上两个小黑点

三、SVM算法

四、对鸢尾花数据集进行SVM训练

一、基于dlib库人脸特征提取

代码

import numpy as np
import cv2
import dlib
import os
import sys
import random
# 存储位置
output_dir = 'E:/HHH'
size = 64
 
if not os.path.exists(output_dir):
    os.makedirs(output_dir)
# 改变图片的亮度与对比度
 
def relight(img, light=1, bias=0):
    w = img.shape[1]
    h = img.shape[0]
    #image = []
    for i in range(0,w):
        for j in range(0,h):
            for c in range(3):
                tmp = int(img[j,i,c]*light + bias)
                if tmp > 255:
                    tmp = 255
                elif tmp < 0:
                    tmp = 0
                img[j,i,c] = tmp
    return img
 
#使用dlib自带的frontal_face_detector作为我们的特征提取器
detector = dlib.get_frontal_face_detector()
# 打开摄像头 参数为输入流，可以为摄像头或视频文件
camera = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
#camera = cv2.VideoCapture('C:/Users/CUNGU/Videos/Captures/wang.mp4')
ok = True

detector = dlib.get_frontal_face_detector()
predictor = dlib.shape_predictor('E:/shape_predictor_68_face_landmarks.dat')


while ok:
    # 读取摄像头中的图像，ok为是否读取成功的判断参数
    ok, img = camera.read()
    
    # 转换成灰度图像
    img_gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

    rects = detector(img_gray, 0)
    
    for i in range(len(rects)):
        landmarks = np.matrix([[p.x, p.y] for p in predictor(img,rects[i]).parts()])
        for idx, point in enumerate(landmarks):
            # 68点的坐标
            pos = (point[0, 0], point[0, 1])
            print(idx,pos)
    
            # 利用cv2.circle给每个特征点画一个圈，共68个
            cv2.circle(img, pos, 2, color=(0, 255, 0))
            # 利用cv2.putText输出1-68
            font = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX
            cv2.putText(img, str(idx+1), pos, font, 0.2, (0, 0, 255), 1,cv2.LINE_AA)
    cv2.imshow('video', img)
    k = cv2.waitKey(1)
    if k == 27:    # press 'ESC' to quit
        break
    
camera.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

结果图

二、人脸P上两个小黑点

代码

# 导入包
import numpy as np
import cv2
import dlib
import os
import sys
import random

def get_detector_and_predicyor():
    #使用dlib自带的frontal_face_detector作为我们的特征提取器
    detector = dlib.get_frontal_face_detector()
    """
    功能：人脸检测画框
    参数：PythonFunction和in Classes
    in classes表示采样次数，次数越多获取的人脸的次数越多，但更容易框错
    返回值是矩形的坐标，每个矩形为一个人脸（默认的人脸检测器）
    """
    #返回训练好的人脸68特征点检测器
    predictor = dlib.shape_predictor('E:/shape_predictor_68_face_landmarks.dat')
    return detector,predictor
#获取检测器
detector,predictor=get_detector_and_predicyor()
def painting_sunglasses(img,detector,predictor):   
    #给人脸带上墨镜
    rects = detector(img_gray, 0)  
    for i in range(len(rects)):
        landmarks = np.matrix([[p.x, p.y] for p in predictor(img,rects[i]).parts()])
        right_eye_x=0
        right_eye_y=0
        left_eye_x=0
        left_eye_y=0
        for i in range(36,42):#右眼范围
            #将坐标相加
            right_eye_x+=landmarks[i][0,0]
            right_eye_y+=landmarks[i][0,1]
        #取眼睛的中点坐标
        pos_right=(int(right_eye_x/6),int(right_eye_y/6))
        """
        利用circle函数画圆
        函数原型      
        cv2.circle(img, center, radius, color[, thickness[, lineType[, shift]]])
        img：输入的图片data
        center：圆心位置
        radius：圆的半径
        color：圆的颜色
        thickness：圆形轮廓的粗细（如果为正）。负厚度表示要绘制实心圆。
        lineType： 圆边界的类型。
        shift：中心坐标和半径值中的小数位数。
        """
        cv2.circle(img=img, center=pos_right, radius=30, color=(0,0,0),thickness=-1)
        for i in range(42,48):#左眼范围
           #将坐标相加
            left_eye_x+=landmarks[i][0,0]
            left_eye_y+=landmarks[i][0,1]
        #取眼睛的中点坐标
        pos_left=(int(left_eye_x/6),int(left_eye_y/6))
        cv2.circle(img=img, center=pos_left, radius=30, color=(0,0,0),thickness=-1)
camera = cv2.VideoCapture(0)#打开摄像头
ok=True
# 打开摄像头 参数为输入流，可以为摄像头或视频文件
while ok:
    ok,img = camera.read()
     # 转换成灰度图像
    img_gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    #display_feature_point(img,detector,predictor)
    painting_sunglasses(img,detector,predictor)#调用画墨镜函数
    cv2.imshow('video', img)
    k = cv2.waitKey(1)
    if k == 27:    # press 'ESC' to quit
        break
camera.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

结果图：

三、SVM算法

1.重做例子代码

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from sklearn import datasets
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.svm import LinearSVC
iris=datasets.load_iris()
X=iris.data
y=iris.target
X=X[y< 2,:2]#只取y<2的类别，也就是0 1 并且只取前两个特征
y=y[y< 2]# 只取y<2的类别 
# 分别画出类别0和1的点 
plt.scatter(X[y==0,0],X[y==0,1],color='red')
plt.scatter(X[y==1,0],X[y==1,1],color='blue')
plt.show()
# 标准化
standardScaler=StandardScaler()
standardScaler.fit(X)#计算训练数据的均值和方差
X_standard=standardScaler.transform(X)#再用scaler中的均值和方差来转换X，使X标准化
svc=LinearSVC(C=1e9)#线性SVM分类器
svc.fit(X_standard,y)#训练svm

结果：

# 接下来我们看下如何处理非线性的数据。
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn import datasets
X, y = datasets.make_moons() #使用生成的数据 
print(X.shape) # (100,2) 
print(y.shape) # (100,)
# 接下来绘制下生成的数据
plt.scatter(X[y==0,0],X[y==0,1])
plt.scatter(X[y==1,0],X[y==1,1])
plt.show()

结果：

X,  y = datasets.make_moons(noise=0.15,random_state=777) 
#随机生成噪声点，random_state是随机种子，noise是方差
plt.scatter(X[y==0,0],X[y==0,1])
plt.scatter(X[y==1,0],X[y==1,1])
plt.show()

from sklearn.preprocessing import PolynomialFeatures,StandardScaler
from sklearn.svm import LinearSVC
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
def PolynomialSVC(degree,C=1.0):
    return Pipeline([ ("poly",PolynomialFeatures(degree=degree)),#生成多项式 
                     ("std_scaler",StandardScaler()),#标准化 
                     ("linearSVC",LinearSVC(C=C))#最后生成svm 
                    ])
poly_svc = PolynomialSVC(degree=3)
poly_svc.fit(X,y)
plot_decision_boundary(poly_svc,axis=[-1.5,2.5,-1.0,1.5])
plt.scatter(X[y==0,0],X[y==0,1])
plt.scatter(X[y==1,0],X[y==1,1])
plt.show()

from sklearn.svm import SVC
def PolynomialKernelSVC(degree,C=1.0):
    return Pipeline([ ("std_scaler",StandardScaler()), 
                     ("kernelSVC",SVC(kernel="poly"))# poly代表多项式特征 
                    ])
poly_kernel_svc = PolynomialKernelSVC(degree=3) 
poly_kernel_svc.fit(X,y)
plot_decision_boundary(poly_kernel_svc,axis=[-1.5,2.5,-1.0,1.5])
plt.scatter(X[y==0,0],X[y==0,1])
plt.scatter(X[y==1,0],X[y==1,1])
plt.show()

import numpy as np 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(-4,5,1)
#生成测试数据
y = np.array((x >= -2 ) & (x <= 2),dtype='int')
plt.scatter(x[y==0],[0]*len(x[y==0]))
# x取y=0的点, y取0，有多少个x，就有多少个y
plt.scatter(x[y==1],[0]*len(x[y==1]))
plt.show()

# 高斯核函数 
def gaussian(x,l):
    gamma = 1.0
    return np.exp(-gamma * (x -l)**2)
l1,l2 = -1,1
X_new = np.empty((len(x),2))#len(x) ,2 
for i,data in enumerate(x):
    X_new[i,0] = gaussian(data,l1)
    X_new[i,1] = gaussian(data,l2)
    plt.scatter(X_new[y==0,0],X_new[y==0,1])
    plt.scatter(X_new[y==1,0],X_new[y==1,1])
    plt.show()

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn import datasets
X,y = datasets.make_moons(noise=0.15,random_state=777)
plt.scatter(X[y==0,0],X[y==0,1])
plt.scatter(X[y==1,0],X[y==1,1])
plt.show()

from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.svm import SVC
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
def RBFKernelSVC(gamma=1.0):
    return Pipeline([ ('std_scaler',StandardScaler()), ('svc',SVC(kernel='rbf',gamma=gamma)) ])
svc = RBFKernelSVC()
svc.fit(X,y)
plot_decision_boundary(svc,axis=[-1.5,2.5,-1.0,1.5])
plt.scatter(X[y==0,0],X[y==0,1])
plt.scatter(X[y==1,0],X[y==1,1])
plt.show()

from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.svm import SVC
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
def RBFKernelSVC(gamma=100):
    return Pipeline([ ('std_scaler',StandardScaler()), ('svc',SVC(kernel='rbf',gamma=gamma)) ])
svc = RBFKernelSVC()
svc.fit(X,y)
plot_decision_boundary(svc,axis=[-1.5,2.5,-1.0,1.5])
plt.scatter(X[y==0,0],X[y==0,1])
plt.scatter(X[y==1,0],X[y==1,1])
plt.show()

from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.svm import SVC
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
def RBFKernelSVC(gamma=10):
    return Pipeline([ ('std_scaler',StandardScaler()), ('svc',SVC(kernel='rbf',gamma=gamma)) ])
svc = RBFKernelSVC()
svc.fit(X,y)
plot_decision_boundary(svc,axis=[-1.5,2.5,-1.0,1.5])
plt.scatter(X[y==0,0],X[y==0,1])
plt.scatter(X[y==1,0],X[y==1,1])
plt.show()

from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.svm import SVC
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
def RBFKernelSVC(gamma=0.1):
    return Pipeline([ ('std_scaler',StandardScaler()), ('svc',SVC(kernel='rbf',gamma=gamma)) ])
svc = RBFKernelSVC()
svc.fit(X,y)
plot_decision_boundary(svc,axis=[-1.5,2.5,-1.0,1.5])
plt.scatter(X[y==0,0],X[y==0,1])
plt.scatter(X[y==1,0],X[y==1,1])
plt.show()

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn import datasets
boston = datasets.load_boston()
X = boston.data
y = boston.target
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test = train_test_split(X,y,random_state=777)
# 把数据集拆分成训练数据和测试数据
from sklearn.svm import LinearSVR
from sklearn.svm import SVR
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
def StandardLinearSVR(epsilon=0.1):
    return Pipeline([ ('std_scaler',StandardScaler()), ('linearSVR',LinearSVR(epsilon=epsilon)) ])
svr = StandardLinearSVR()
svr.fit(X_train,y_train)
svr.score(X_test,y_test)

四、对鸢尾花数据集进行SVM训练

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn import datasets, svm
import pandas as pd
from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
iris = datasets.load_iris()
iris = datasets.load_iris()
X = iris.data                  
y = iris.target                
X = X[y != 0, :2]             # 选择X的前两个特性
y = y[y != 0]
n_sample = len(X)              
np.random.seed(0)
order = np.random.permutation(n_sample)  # 排列，置换
X = X[order]
y = y[order].astype(np.float)
X_train = X[:int(.9 * n_sample)]
y_train = y[:int(.9 * n_sample)]
X_test = X[int(.9 * n_sample):]
y_test = y[int(.9 * n_sample):]
#合适的模型
for fig_num, kernel in enumerate(('linear', 'rbf','poly')):  # 径向基函数 (Radial Basis Function 简称 RBF),常用的是高斯基函数
    clf = svm.SVC(kernel=kernel, gamma=10)   # gamma是“rbf”、“poly”和“sigmoid”的核系数。
    clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
    plt.figure(str(kernel))
    plt.xlabel('x1')
    plt.ylabel('x2')
    plt.scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], c=y, zorder=10, cmap=plt.cm.Paired, edgecolor='k', s=20)
    # zorder: z方向上排列顺序，数值越大，在上方显示
    # paired两个色彩相近输出(paired)
    # 圈出测试数据
    plt.scatter(X_test[:, 0], X_test[:, 1], s=80, facecolors='none',zorder=10, edgecolor='k')
    plt.axis('tight')  #更改 x 和 y 轴限制，以便显示所有数据
    x_min = X[:, 0].min()
    x_max = X[:, 0].max()
    y_min = X[:, 1].min()
    y_max = X[:, 1].max()
    XX, YY = np.mgrid[x_min:x_max:200j, y_min:y_max:200j]   
    Z = clf.decision_function(np.c_[XX.ravel(), YY.ravel()])  # 样本X到分离超平面的距离
    Z = Z.reshape(XX.shape)
    plt.contourf(XX,YY,Z>0,cmap=plt.cm.Paired)  
    plt.contour(XX, YY, Z, colors=['r', 'k', 'b'],
                linestyles=['--', '-', '--'], levels=[-0.5, 0, 0.5])   # 范围
    plt.title(kernel)
plt.show()

参考文献；

机器学习：SVM（核函数、高斯核函数RBF） - 何永灿 - 博客园
机器学习——支持向量机(SVM)_白水的博客-CSDN博客_svm支持向量机

Py之dlib：Python库之dlib库的简介、安装、使用方法详细攻略 - 知乎

dlib.get_frontal_face_detector()人脸检测_HNUYSY的博客-CSDN博客

人脸识别与向量机

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