爬取网址：https://tianqi.2345.com/today-60038.htm
安装pip install scrapy
我使用的版本是scrapy 2.5
创建scray爬虫项目在命令行如下输入命令
scrapy startproject name
name为项目名称
如，scrapy startproject spider_weather
之后再输入
scrapy genspider spider_name 域名
查看文件夹如，scrapy genspider changshu tianqi.2345.com
- spider_weather - spider - __init__.py - changshu.py - __init__.py - items.py - middlewares.py - pipelines.py - settings.py - scrapy.cfg文件说明
| 名称 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| scrapy.cfg | 项目的配置信息，主要为Scrapy命令行工具提供一个基础的配置信息。（真正爬虫相关的配置信息在settings.py文件中） |
| items.py | 设置数据存储模板，用于结构化数据，如：Django的Model |
| pipelines | 数据处理行为，如：一般结构化的数据持久化 |
| settings.py | 配置文件，如：递归的层数、并发数，延迟下载等 |
| spiders | 爬虫目录，如：创建文件，编写爬虫规则 |
- 在spiders文件夹里面对自己创建的爬虫文件进行数据爬取、如在此案例中的spiders/changshu.py
代码演示如下
import scrapy
class ChangshuSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'changshu'
allowed_domains = ['tianqi.2345.com']
start_urls = ['https://tianqi.2345.com/today-60038.htm']
def parse(self, response):
# 日期、天气状态、温度、风级
# 利用xpath解析数据、不会xpath的同学可以去稍微学习一下，语法简单
dates = response.xpath('//a[@]/em/text()').getall()
states = response.xpath('//a[@]/i/text()').getall()
temps = response.xpath('//a[@]/span[@]/text()').getall()
winds = response.xpath('//a[@]/span[@]/text()').getall()
# 返回每条数据
for date, state, temp, wind in zip(dates,states,temps,winds):
yield {
'date' : date,
'state': state,
'temp': temp,
'wind': wind
}
- 在settings.py文件中进行配置
- 修改UA
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.69 Safari/537.36'
- 修改机器爬虫配置
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
整个文件如下：
# Scrapy settings for spider_weather project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
BOT_NAME = 'spider_weather'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['spider_weather.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'spider_weather.spiders'
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.69 Safari/537.36'
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#cookieS_ENABLED = False
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
# 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
# 'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'spider_weather.middlewares.SpiderWeatherSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'spider_weather.middlewares.SpiderWeatherDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}
# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}
# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
# ITEM_PIPELINES = {
# 'spider_weather.pipelines.SpiderWeatherPipeline': 300,
# }
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_ConCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'
- 然后在命令行中输入如下代码
scrapy crawl changshu -o weather.csv
注意：需要进入spider_weather路径下运行
scrapy crawl 文件名 -o weather.csv（导出文件）
- 结果如下
