二进制安装kubernetes集群

kubernetes 集群搭建(二进制方式) 1、安装要求

在开始之前，部署 Kubernetes 集群机器需要满足以下几个条件:

(1)一台或多台机器，操作系统 CentOS7.x-86_x64

(2)硬件配置:2GB 或更多 RAM，2 个 CPU 或更多 CPU，硬盘 30GB 或更多

(3)集群中所有机器之间网络互通

(4)服务器不能上网，需要提前下载镜像并导入节点

(5)禁止 swap 分区时间同步

2、准备环境

(1) 服务器规划：

角色	IP	组件
k8s-master	192.168.56.10	kube-apiserver，kube-controller-manager，kube-scheduler，etcd
k8s-node1	192.168.56.11	kubelet，kube-proxy，docker etcd
k8s-node2	192.168.56.12	kubelet，kube-proxy，docker etcd

3、操作系统初始化配

# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld 
systemctl disable firewalld

# 关闭 selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
setenforce 0 # 临时

# 关闭 swap
swapoff -a # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久

# 根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname

# 在 master 添加 hosts 
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF 
192.168.56.10 k8s-master
192.168.56.11 k8s-node1
192.168.56.12 k8s-node2
EOF

# 将桥接的 IPv4 流量传递到 iptables 的链 
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF 
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 
EOF

sysctl --system # 生效

yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate -u time.nist.gov

4、部署 Etcd 集群

Etcd 是一个分布式键值存储系统，Kubernetes 使用 Etcd 进行数据存储，所以先准备一个 Etcd 数据库，为解决 Etcd 单点故障，应采用集群方式部署，这里使用 3 台组建集群，可容忍 1 台机器故障，当然，你也可以使用 5 台组建集群，可容忍 2 台机器故障。

节点名称	IP
etcd-1	192.168.56.10
etcd-2	192.168.56.11
etcd-3	192.168.56.12

注:为了节省机器，这里与 K8s 节点机器复用。也可以独立于 k8s 集群之外部署，只要 apiserver 能连接到就行。

4.1 准备 cfssl 证书生成工具

cfssl 是一个开源的证书管理工具，使用 json 文件生成证书，相比 openssl 更方便使用。找任意一台服务器操作，这里用 Master 节点。

在外网环境中下载后，再上传到三台不能上网的机器上：

Releases · cloudflare/cfssl · GitHubCFSSL: Cloudflare's PKI and TLS toolkit. Contribute to cloudflare/cfssl development by creating an account on GitHub.https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases下载

cfssl_linux-amd64

cfssljson_linux-amd64

cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64

chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64

mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

4.2 生成 Etcd 证书

(1)自签证书颁发机构(CA) 创建工作目录：

mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s} 
cd TLS/etcd

自签 CA：

cat > ca-config.json<< EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "www": {
        "expiry": "87600h",
        "usages": [
          "signing",
          "key encipherment",
          "server auth",
          "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

cat > ca-csr.json<< EOF 
{
  "CN": "etcd CA",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "ST": "Beijing"
    }
  ]
} 
EOF

生成证书:

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

ls *pem

ca-key.pem ca.pem

(2) 使用自签 CA 签发 Etcd HTTPS 证书

创建证书申请文件:

cat > server-csr.json<< EOF
{
  "CN": "etcd",
  "hosts": [
    "192.168.56.10",
    "192.168.56.11",
    "192.168.56.12"
  ],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing"
    }
  ]
} 
EOF

注:上述文件 hosts 字段中 IP 为所有 etcd 节点的集群内部通信 IP，一个都不能少!为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的 IP。

生成证书：

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

ls server*pem

server-key.pem server.pem

4.3 从 Github 下载二进制文件

下载地址：

https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releaseshttps://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases

4.4 部署 Etcd 集群

以下在节点 1 上操作，为简化操作，待会将节点 1 生成的所有文件拷贝到节点 2 和节点 3。

(1)创建工作目录并解压二进制包

mkdir -p /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl}
tar zxvf etcd-v3.5.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.5.1-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

(2)创建 etcd 配置文件

cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member] 
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"  
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd" 
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.56.10:2380" 
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.56.10:2379" 

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.56.10:2380" 
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.56.10:2379" 
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.56.10:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.56.11:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.56.12:2380" 
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster" 
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new" 
EOF

ETCD_NAME:节点名称，集群中唯一

ETCD_DATA_DIR:数据目录

ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS:集群通信监听地址

ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS:客户端访问监听地址

ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS:集群通告地址

ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS:客户端通告地址

ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER:集群节点地址

ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN:集群 Token

ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE:加入集群的当前状态，new 是新集群，existing 表示加入已有集群

(3)systemd 管理 etcd

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.targcaet
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd 
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem 
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem 
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem 
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem 
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem 
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem 
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

(4)拷贝刚才生成的证书

把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径：

cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/

(5)启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd

(6)将上面节点 1 所有生成的文件拷贝到节点 2 和节点 3

scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.56.11:/opt/ 
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.56.11:/usr/lib/systemd/system/ 
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.56.12:/opt/ 
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.56.12:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

然后在节点 2 和节点 3 分别修改 etcd.conf 配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器 IP：

etcd-2：

cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]  
ETCD_NAME="etcd-2"  
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd" 
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.56.11:2380" 
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.56.11:2379" 

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.56.11:2380" 
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.56.11:2379" 
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.56.10:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.56.11:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.56.12:2380" 
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new" 
EOF

etcd-3:

cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]  
ETCD_NAME="etcd-3"  
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd" 
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.56.12:2380" 
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.56.12:2379" 

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.56.12:2380" 
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.56.12:2379" 
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.56.10:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.56.11:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.56.12:2380" 
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new" 
EOF

最后启动 etcd 并设置开机启动，同上。

(7)查看集群状态

ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem -- cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem -- endpoints="https://192.168.56.10:2379,https://192.168.56.11:2379,https://192.16 8.56.12:2379" endpoint health

https://192.168.56.10:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 8.154404ms
https://192.168.56.11:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 9.044117ms
https://192.168.56.12:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 10.000825ms

如果输出上面信息，就说明集群部署成功。

如果有问题第一步先看日志: /var/log/message 或 journalctl -u etcd

5、安装docker

Kubernetes 默认 CRI(容器运行时)为 Docker，因此先安装 Docker。

安装教程如下：

2、kubernetes的Kubeadm 部署安装_wtl1992的博客-CSDN博客kube-proxy开启ipvs的前置条件modprobe br_netfiltercat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules < 6、部署 Master Node 6.1 生成 kube-apiserver 证书

(1)自签证书颁发机构(CA)

cat > ca-config.json<< EOF 
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
        "expiry": "87600h",
        "usages": [
          "signing",
          "key encipherment",
          "server auth",
          "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

cat > ca-csr.json<< EOF
{
  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
} 
EOF

(2)生成证书：

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

ls *pem

ca-key.pem ca.pem

(3)使用自签 CA 签发 kube-apiserver HTTPS 证书

创建证书申请文件：

 cd TLS/k8s

cat > server-csr.json<< EOF
{
  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "hosts": [
    "10.0.0.1",
    "127.0.0.1",
    "192.168.56.10",
    "192.168.56.11",
    "192.168.56.12",
    "kubernetes",
    "kubernetes.default",
    "kubernetes.default.svc",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
  ],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

生成证书：

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

ls server*pem

server-key.pem server.pem

6.2 从 Github 下载二进制文件

下载地址:

https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/

注：打开链接你会发现里面有很多包，下载一个 server 包就够了，包含了 Master 和 Worker Node 二进制文件。

6.3 解压二进制包

mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin 
cp kubectl /usr/bin/

6.4 部署 kube-apiserver

1. 创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \ 
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.56.10:2379,https://192.168.56.11:2379,https://192.168.56.12:2379 \
--bind-address=192.168.56.10 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=192.168.56.10 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestric tion \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--audit-log-maxage=30 \
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \ 
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF

注:上面两个第一个是转义符，第二个是换行符，使用转义符是为了使用 EOF 保留换行符。

–logtostderr:启用日志

—v:日志等级

–log-dir:日志目录

–etcd-servers:etcd 集群地址

–bind-address:监听地址

–secure-port:https 安全端口

–advertise-address:集群通告地址

–allow-privileged:启用授权

–service-cluster-ip-range:Service 虚拟 IP 地址段

–enable-admission-plugins:准入控制模块

–authorization-mode:认证授权，启用 RBAC 授权和节点自管理

–enable-bootstrap-token-auth:启用 TLS bootstrap 机制

–token-auth-file:bootstrap token 文件

–service-node-port-range:Service nodeport 类型默认分配端口范围

–kubelet-client-xxx:apiserver 访问 kubelet 客户端证书

–tls-xxx-file:apiserver https 证书

–etcd-xxxfile:连接 Etcd 集群证书

–audit-log-xxx:审计日志

2. 拷贝刚才生成的证书

把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径：

cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/

3. 启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制

TLS Bootstraping:Master apiserver 启用 TLS 认证后，Node 节点 kubelet 和 kube-proxy 要与 kube-apiserver 进行通信，必须使用 CA 签发的有效证书才可以，当 Node节点很多时，这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作，同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了简化流程，Kubernetes 引入了 TLS bootstraping 机制来自动颁发客户端证书，kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向 apiserver 申请证书，kubelet 的证书由 apiserver 动态签署。

所以强烈建议在 Node 上使用这种方式，目前主要用于 kubelet，kube-proxy 还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。

创建上述配置文件中 token 文件：

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node- bootstrapper"
EOF

格式:token，用户名，UID，

用户组 token 也可自行生成替换：

head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '

4. systemd 管理 apiserver

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS 
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

5. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload 
systemctl start kube-apiserver 
systemctl enable kube-apiserver

6. 授权 kubelet-bootstrap 用户允许请求证书

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap  
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper  
--user=kubelet-bootstrap

6.5 部署 kube-controller-manager

1. 创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF 
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--leader-elect=true \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \ 
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \ 
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \ 
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \ 
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \ 
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \ 
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF

–master:通过本地非安全本地端口 8080 连接 apiserver。

–leader-elect:当该组件启动多个时，自动选举(HA)

–cluster-signing-cert-file/–cluster-signing-key-file:自动为 kubelet 颁发证书的 CA，与 apiserver 保持一致

2. systemd 管理 controller-manager

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager
$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS 
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

3. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager 
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager

6.6 部署 kube-scheduler

1. 创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF 
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false 
--v=2 
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs 
--leader-elect 
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF

–master:通过本地非安全本地端口 8080 连接 apiserver。

–leader-elect:当该组件启动多个时，自动选举(HA)

2. systemd 管理 scheduler

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS 
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

3. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload 
systemctl start kube-scheduler 
systemctl enable kube-scheduler

4. 查看集群状态

所有组件都已经启动成功，通过 kubectl 工具查看当前集群组件状态：

kubectl get cs

如上输出说明 Master 节点组件运行正常。

7、部署 Worker Node

下面还是在 Master Node 上操作，即同时作为 Worker Node

7.1 创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件

在所有 worker node 创建工作目录：

mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}

从 master 节点拷贝：

cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin # 本地拷贝

7.2 部署 kubelet

1. 创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF 
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--hostname-override=k8s-master \
--network-plugin=cni \ 
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \ 
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \ 
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \ 
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \ 
--pod-infra-container-image=lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF

–hostname-override:显示名称，集群中唯一

–network-plugin:启用 CNI –kubeconfig:空路径，会自动生成，后面用于连接 apiserver

–bootstrap-kubeconfig:首次启动向 apiserver 申请证书

–config:配置参数文件

–cert-dir:kubelet 证书生成目录

–pod-infra-container-image:管理 Pod 网络容器的镜像

2. 配置参数文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    cacheTTL: 2m0s
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 100Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF

3. 生成 bootstrap.kubeconfig 文件

cat > bootstrap.kubeconfig  << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.31.71:6443" # 
apiserver IP:PORT TOKEN="c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940" # 与 token.csv 里保持一致 
# 生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes 
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem  
--embed-certs=true 
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER}  
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap"  
--token=${TOKEN}  
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default  
--cluster=kubernetes  
--user="kubelet-bootstrap"  
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
EOF

拷贝到配置文件路径：

cp bootstrap.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg

4. systemd 管理 kubelet

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_OPTS 
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

5. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet

7.3 批准 kubelet 证书申请并加入集群

# 查看 kubelet 证书请求 
kubectl get csr

# 批准申请
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZ--K6M4G7bjhk8A

# 查看节点 
kubectl get node

注:由于网络插件还没有部署，节点会没有准备就绪 NotReady

7.4 部署 kube-proxy

1. 创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF 
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \ 
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml" 
EOF

2. 配置参数文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF 
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-master
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
EOF

3. 生成 kube-proxy.kubeconfig 文件

生成 kube-proxy 证书：

# 切换工作目录 
cd TLS/k8s

# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json<< EOF 
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

ls kube-proxy*pem

kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem

cat > kube-proxy.kubeconfig << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.31.71:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes 
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 
--embed-certs=true 
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} 
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig 
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy 
--client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem  
--client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem  
--embed-certs=true  
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default  
--cluster=kubernetes  
--user=kube-proxy  
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
EOF

拷贝到配置文件指定路径：

cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/

4. systemd 管理 kube-proxy

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service] 
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf 
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTS 
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

5. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy

7.5 部署 CNI 网络

先准备好 CNI 二进制文件:

下载地址:

Releases · containernetworking/plugins · GitHubSome reference and example networking plugins, maintained by the CNI team. - Releases · containernetworking/pluginshttps://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/

解压二进制包并移动到默认工作目录：

mkdir /opt/cni/bin
tar zxvf  cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.0.1.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin

部署 CNI 网络：

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/documentation/kube- flannel.yml
sed -i -r "s#quay.io/coreos/flannel:.*-amd64#lizhenliang/flannel:v0.12.0- amd64#g" kube-flannel.yml

默认镜像地址无法访问，修改为 docker hub 镜像仓库。

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
kubectl get node

部署好网络插件，Node 准备就绪。

7.6 授权 apiserver 访问 kubelet

cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml<< EOF 
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
  - apiGroups:
    - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/proxy
      - nodes/stats
      - nodes/log
      - nodes/spec
      - nodes/metrics
      - pods/log
    verbs:
      - "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: system:kube-apiserver
  namespace: ""
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io 
    kind: User
  name: kubernetes
EOF

kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml

7.7 新增加 Worker Node

1. 拷贝已部署好的 Node 相关文件到新节点

在 master 节点将 Worker Node 涉及文件拷贝到新节点 192.168.56.11、192.168.56.12

scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@192.168.56.11:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@192.168.56.11:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp -r /opt/cni/ root@192.168.56.11:/opt/
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@192.168.56.11:/opt/kubernetes/ssl

2. 删除 kubelet 证书和 kubeconfig 文件

rm /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*

注:这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的，每个 Node 不同，必须删除重新生成。

3. 修改主机名

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf


--hostname-override=k8s-node1

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml

hostnameOverride: k8s-node1

4. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy

5. 在 Master 上批准新 Node kubelet 证书申请

kubectl get csr

kubectl certificate approve node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro

6. 查看 Node 状态

Kubectl get node

Node2(192.168.56.12 )节点同上。记得修改主机名!

二进制安装kubernetes集群

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