首先,让我们尝试
FORCE INDEX选择
ef或
fe。时间太短而无法清楚地知道哪个更快,但是`EXPLAIN显示出一个不同:
首先强制范围
filetime。(注意:顺序
WHERe不受影响。)
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECt COUNT(*), AVG(fsize) FROM files FORCE INDEX(fe) WHERe ext = 'gif' AND filetime >= '2015-01-01'AND filetime < '2015-01-01' + INTERVAL 1 MONTH;+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+| 1 | SIMPLE | files | range | fe | fe | 14 | NULL | 16684 | Using index condition |+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+
首先强制低基数
ext:
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT COUNT(*), AVG(fsize) FROM files FORCE INDEX(ef) WHERe ext = 'gif' AND filetime >= '2015-01-01'AND filetime < '2015-01-01' + INTERVAL 1 MONTH;+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-----------------------+| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-----------------------+| 1 | SIMPLE | files | range | ef | ef | 14 | NULL | 538 | Using index condition |+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-----------------------+
显然,这种
rows说法
ef更好。但是,让我们检查一下Optimizer跟踪。输出相当庞大;我只展示有趣的部分。没有
FORCE需要;
跟踪将显示两个选项,然后选择更好的。
... "potential_range_indices": [ ... { "index": "fe", "usable": true, "key_parts": [ "filetime", "ext", "did", "filename" ] }, { "index": "ef", "usable": true, "key_parts": [ "ext", "filetime", "did", "filename" ] } ],…
"analyzing_range_alternatives": { "range_scan_alternatives": [ { "index": "fe", "ranges": ["2015-01-01 00:00:00 <= filetime < 2015-02-01 00:00:00" ], "index_dives_for_eq_ranges": true, "rowid_ordered": false, "using_mrr": false, "index_only": false, "rows": 16684, "cost": 20022, <-- Here's the critical number "chosen": true }, { "index": "ef", "ranges": ["gif <= ext <= gif AND 2015-01-01 00:00:00 <= filetime < 2015-02-01 00:00:00" ], "index_dives_for_eq_ranges": true, "rowid_ordered": false, "using_mrr": false, "index_only": false, "rows": 538, "cost": 646.61, <-- Here's the critical number "chosen": true } ],…
"attached_conditions_computation": [ { "access_type_changed": { "table": "`files`", "index": "ef", "old_type": "ref", "new_type": "range", "cause": "uses_more_keyparts" <-- Also interesting } }使用
fe(第一个范围列),可以使用范围,但它估计扫描了16684行以获得
ext='gif'。
使用
ef(低基数
ext优先),它可以使用索引的两列并在BTree中更有效地向下钻取。然后,它发现估计有538行,所有这些行都对查询有用-
无需进一步过滤。
结论:
INDEX(filetime, ext)
仅使用第一列。INDEX(ext, filetime)
使用两列。- 不 考虑基数, 将涉及
=
测试的列放在索引的 第一位 。 __ - 查询计划不会超出第一个“范围”列。
- “基数”与 复合索引和这种查询 无关。
(“使用索引条件”表示存储引擎(InnoDB)将使用索引中用于过滤的列之外的列。”)



