JPA实体必须经过单元测试，如何进行？

我建议您测试所有编写的内容（或选择编写）…因此在这种情况下，我看到以下元素：

@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)@Column(nullable = false)@ManyToOne(optional = false, fetch = FetchType.LAZY)@JoinColumn(name = "categoryId", nullable = false, updatable = false)

您可以使用此批注定义一些行为（我仅从JPA中选择行为，而JSONView批注应完成相同的操作），并且如果一切正常，就想进行单元测试（如您所定义的）。

@Test(expect = SQLException.class)public void should_not_allow_null_name() {     Article article = new Article(null, new Category());      articleRepository.save(article);}

通过这种（简单的）测试，您可以遵循行为是否符合您已实现的要求。如果有人（也许是您自己）删除了此注释，您将收到警报。

但是不要测试默认行为（例如，列名，您选择让JPA（和ORM）为您选择…）所以不要测试框架，这是极限。

关于如何进行测试，我喜欢使用（自Spring
Boot起）名为DBSetup的项目。它使我可以在测试中对数据集进行硬编码，而不是冗长的XML。这是忍者小队非常有趣的项目。

测试示例：

数据库测试配置：

@Configuration@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "lan.dk.podcastserver.repository")@EntityScan(basePackages = "lan.dk.podcastserver.entity")public class DatabaseConfiguraitonTest {    @Bean    public DataSource dataSource() {        return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder()     .setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2)     .build();    }    @Bean    @Autowired    public FullTextEntityManager fullTextEntityManager(EntityManager entityManager) {        return getFullTextEntityManager(entityManager);    }    public static final DateTimeFormatter formatter = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder().append(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE).appendLiteral(" ").append(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_TIME).toFormatter();    public static final Operation DELETe_ALL_PODCASTS = deleteAllFrom("PODCAST");    public static final Operation DELETe_ALL_ITEMS = deleteAllFrom("ITEM");    public static final Operation DELETe_ALL_TAGS = sequenceOf(deleteAllFrom("PODCAST_TAG"), deleteAllFrom("TAG"));    public static final Operation DELETE_ALL = sequenceOf(DELETE_ALL_ITEMS, DELETE_ALL_TAGS, DELETE_ALL_PODCASTS, DELETE_ALL_TAGS);}

==>
https://gist.github.com/davinkevin/bb4f62aaec031b68b8f3

并测试：

@Transactional@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)@ContextConfiguration(classes = {DatabaseConfiguraitonTest.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})public class ItemRepositoryTest {    @Autowired DataSource dataSource;    @Autowired ItemRepository itemRepository;    private final static DbSetupTracker dbSetupTracker = new DbSetupTracker();    public static final Operation INSERT_REFERENCE_DATA = sequenceOf( insertInto("PODCAST")         .columns("ID", "TITLE", "URL", "TYPE", "HAS_TO_BE_DELETED")         .values(1, "AppLoad", null, "RSS", false)         .values(2, "Geek Inc HD", "http://fake.url.com/rss", "YOUTUBE", true)         .build(), insertInto("ITEM")         .columns("ID", "TITLE", "URL", "PODCAST_ID", "STATUS", "PUBDATE", "DOWNLOADDDATE")         .values(1L, "Appload 1", "http://fakeurl.com/appload.1.mp3", 1, Status.FINISH, now().minusDays(15).format(formatter), now().minusDays(15).format(formatter))         .values(2L, "Appload 2", "http://fakeurl.com/appload.2.mp3", 1, null, now().minusDays(30).format(formatter), null)         .values(3L, "Appload 3", "http://fakeurl.com/appload.3.mp3", 1, Status.NOT_DOWNLOADED, now().format(formatter), null)         .values(4L, "Geek INC 123", "http://fakeurl.com/geekinc.123.mp3", 2, Status.DELETED, now().minusYears(1).format(formatter), now().format(formatter))         .values(5L, "Geek INC 124", "http://fakeurl.com/geekinc.124.mp3", 2, Status.FINISH, now().minusDays(15).format(formatter), now().minusDays(15).format(formatter))         .build(), insertInto("TAG")         .columns("ID", "NAME")         .values(1L, "French Spin")         .values(2L, "Studio Knowhere")         .build(), insertInto("PODCAST_TAG")         .columns("PODCAST_ID", "TAG_ID")         .values(1, 1)         .values(2, 2)         .build()    );    @Before    public void prepare() throws Exception {        Operation operation = sequenceOf(DELETE_ALL, INSERT_REFERENCE_DATA);        DbSetup dbSetup = new DbSetup(new DataSourceDestination(dataSource), operation);        dbSetupTracker.launchIfNecessary(dbSetup);    }    @Test    public void should_find_by_podcast_and_page() {                dbSetupTracker.skipNextLaunch();        Integer podcastId = 1;        PageRequest pageRequest = new PageRequest(1, 1, Sort.Direction.ASC, "id");                Page<Item> itemByPodcast = itemRepository.findByPodcast(podcastId, pageRequest);                PageAssert     .assertThat(itemByPodcast)     .hasSize(1)     .hasTotalElements(3)     .hasTotalPages(3)     .hasNumberOfElements(1);        ItemAssert     .assertThat(itemByPodcast.getContent().get(0))     .hasTitle("Appload 2");    }

==>
https://gist.github.com/davinkevin/df041729608dc21bf7f3