利用innodb集群主键索引。
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/innodb-index-
types.html
这将是非常出色的：
create table datasources(year_id smallint unsigned not null,month_id tinyint unsigned not null,datasource_id tinyint unsigned not null,id int unsigned not null, -- needed for uniquenessdata int unsigned not null default 0,primary key (year_id, month_id, datasource_id, id))engine=innodb;select * from datasources where year_id = 2011 and month_id between 1 and 3;select * from datasources where year_id = 2011 and month_id = 4 and datasouce_id = 100;-- etc..
编辑2
忘了我正在运行第一个包含3个月数据的测试脚本。这是一个月的结果：0.34和0.69秒。
select d.* from datasources d where d.year_id = 2010 and d.month_id = 3 and datasource_id = 100 order by d.id desc limit 10;+---------+----------+---------------+---------+-------+| year_id | month_id | datasource_id | id | data |+---------+----------+---------------+---------+-------+| 2010 | 3 |100 | 3290330 | 38434 || 2010 | 3 |100 | 3290329 | 9988 || 2010 | 3 |100 | 3290328 | 25680 || 2010 | 3 |100 | 3290327 | 17627 || 2010 | 3 |100 | 3290326 | 64508 || 2010 | 3 |100 | 3290325 | 14257 || 2010 | 3 |100 | 3290324 | 45950 || 2010 | 3 |100 | 3290323 | 49986 || 2010 | 3 |100 | 3290322 | 2459 || 2010 | 3 |100 | 3290321 | 52971 |+---------+----------+---------------+---------+-------+10 rows in set (0.34 sec)select d.* from datasources d where d.year_id = 2010 and d.month_id = 3 order by d.id desc limit 10;+---------+----------+---------------+---------+-------+| year_id | month_id | datasource_id | id | data |+---------+----------+---------------+---------+-------+| 2010 | 3 |116 | 3450346 | 42455 || 2010 | 3 |116 | 3450345 | 64039 || 2010 | 3 |116 | 3450344 | 27046 || 2010 | 3 |116 | 3450343 | 23730 || 2010 | 3 |116 | 3450342 | 52380 || 2010 | 3 |116 | 3450341 | 35700 || 2010 | 3 |116 | 3450340 | 20195 || 2010 | 3 |116 | 3450339 | 21758 || 2010 | 3 |116 | 3450338 | 51378 || 2010 | 3 |116 | 3450337 | 34687 |+---------+----------+---------------+---------+-------+10 rows in set (0.69 sec)
编辑1
决定使用大约。3年内分布了6000万行。每个查询都是冷运行的，即每个运行单独运行，然后重新启动mysql，清除所有缓冲区且没有查询缓存。
完整的测试脚本可以在这里找到：http :
//pastie.org/1723506或以下…
如您所见，即使在我不起眼的桌面上，它也是一个非常出色的架构：)
select count(*) from datasources;+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 60306030 |+----------+select count(*) from datasources where year_id = 2010;+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 16691669 |+----------+select year_id, month_id, count(*) as counterfrom datasourceswhere year_id = 2010group by year_id, month_id;+---------+----------+---------+| year_id | month_id | counter |+---------+----------+---------+| 2010 | 1 | 1080108 || 2010 | 2 | 1210121 || 2010 | 3 | 1160116 || 2010 | 4 | 1300130 || 2010 | 5 | 1860186 || 2010 | 6 | 1220122 || 2010 | 7 | 1250125 || 2010 | 8 | 1460146 || 2010 | 9 | 1730173 || 2010 | 10 | 1490149 || 2010 | 11 | 1570157 || 2010 | 12 | 1360136 |+---------+----------+---------+12 rows in set (5.92 sec)select count(*) as counterfrom datasources dwhere d.year_id = 2010 and d.month_id between 1 and 3 and datasource_id = 100;+---------+| counter |+---------+| 30003 |+---------+1 row in set (1.04 sec)explainselect d.* from datasources dwhere d.year_id = 2010 and d.month_id between 1 and 3 and datasource_id = 100order by d.id desc limit 10;+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+-----------------------------+| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref |rows | Extra |+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+-----------------------------+| 1 | SIMPLE | d | range | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | NULL |4451372 | Using where; Using filesort |+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+-----------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)select d.* from datasources dwhere d.year_id = 2010 and d.month_id between 1 and 3 and datasource_id = 100order by d.id desc limit 10;+---------+----------+---------------+---------+-------+| year_id | month_id | datasource_id | id | data |+---------+----------+---------------+---------+-------+| 2010 | 3 |100 | 3290330 | 38434 || 2010 | 3 |100 | 3290329 | 9988 || 2010 | 3 |100 | 3290328 | 25680 || 2010 | 3 |100 | 3290327 | 17627 || 2010 | 3 |100 | 3290326 | 64508 || 2010 | 3 |100 | 3290325 | 14257 || 2010 | 3 |100 | 3290324 | 45950 || 2010 | 3 |100 | 3290323 | 49986 || 2010 | 3 |100 | 3290322 | 2459 || 2010 | 3 |100 | 3290321 | 52971 |+---------+----------+---------------+---------+-------+10 rows in set (0.98 sec)select count(*) as counterfrom datasources dwhere d.year_id = 2010 and d.month_id between 1 and 3;+---------+| counter |+---------+| 3450345 |+---------+1 row in set (1.64 sec)explainselect d.* from datasources dwhere d.year_id = 2010 and d.month_id between 1 and 3order by d.id desc limit 10;+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+-----------------------------+| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref |rows | Extra |+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+-----------------------------+| 1 | SIMPLE | d | range | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 3 | NULL |6566916 | Using where; Using filesort |+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+-----------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)select d.* from datasources dwhere d.year_id = 2010 and d.month_id between 1 and 3order by d.id desc limit 10;+---------+----------+---------------+---------+-------+| year_id | month_id | datasource_id | id | data |+---------+----------+---------------+---------+-------+| 2010 | 3 |116 | 3450346 | 42455 || 2010 | 3 |116 | 3450345 | 64039 || 2010 | 3 |116 | 3450344 | 27046 || 2010 | 3 |116 | 3450343 | 23730 || 2010 | 3 |116 | 3450342 | 52380 || 2010 | 3 |116 | 3450341 | 35700 || 2010 | 3 |116 | 3450340 | 20195 || 2010 | 3 |116 | 3450339 | 21758 || 2010 | 3 |116 | 3450338 | 51378 || 2010 | 3 |116 | 3450337 | 34687 |+---------+----------+---------------+---------+-------+10 rows in set (1.98 sec)
希望这可以帮助 ：）
