使用Django 1.7加载初始数据和数据迁移

假设你有一个夹具文件 /fixtures/initial_data.json

创建空迁移：

在Django 1.7中：

python manage.py makemigrations --empty <yourapp>

在Django 1.8+中，你可以提供一个名称：

python manage.py makemigrations --empty <yourapp> --name load_intial_data

编辑你的迁移文件

<yourapp>/migrations/0002_auto_xxx.py

2.1。自定义实现，受Django’

loaddata

import osfrom sys import pathfrom django.core import serializersfixture_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../fixtures'))fixture_filename = 'initial_data.json'def load_fixture(apps, schema_editor):    fixture_file = os.path.join(fixture_dir, fixture_filename)    fixture = open(fixture_file, 'rb')    objects = serializers.deserialize('json', fixture, ignorenonexistent=True)    for obj in objects:        obj.save()    fixture.close()def unload_fixture(apps, schema_editor):    "Brutally deleting all entries for this model..."    MyModel = apps.get_model("yourapp", "ModelName")    MyModel.objects.all().delete()class Migration(migrations.Migration):      dependencies = [        ('yourapp', '0001_initial'),    ]    operations = [        migrations.RunPython(load_fixture, reverse_pre=unload_fixture),    ]

2.2。一个简单的解决方案load_fixture（根据@juliocesar的建议）：

from django.core.management import call_commandfixture_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../fixtures'))fixture_filename = 'initial_data.json'def load_fixture(apps, schema_editor):    fixture_file = os.path.join(fixture_dir, fixture_filename)    call_command('loaddata', fixture_file) 

如果要使用自定义目录，则很有用。

2.3。最简单的：调用loaddata与app_label从将加载器具的fixtures目录自动：

from django.core.management import call_commandfixture = 'initial_data'def load_fixture(apps, schema_editor):    call_command('loaddata', fixture, app_label='yourapp') 

如果你未指定

app_label，loaddata

fixture

运行

python manage.py migrate <yourapp>