【Linux】基于CentOS搭建Python的Django环境

• 确定Python环境
• 安装 `setuptools` 工具
• 下载与安装 Django
• • 下载 Django
  • 解压 Django
  • 安装 Django
• 项目运行
• • 新建 HelloWorld 项目
  • 启动项目

$ python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Apr  2 2020, 13:16:51) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

为什么需要安装 setuptools 工具？因为之后我们需要安装 Django ，而 Django 需要用这个工具，所以我们需要先安装 setuptools 工具。

$ yum install python-setuptools -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
epel                                                        | 4.7 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                      | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
os                                                          | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                     | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
(1/2): epel/7/x86_64/updateinfo                             | 1.0 MB  00:00:00     
(2/2): epel/7/x86_64/primary_db                             | 7.0 MB  00:00:00     
Package python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Nothing to do

Django 是什么？Django 是一个开放源代码的 Web 应用框架,我们将使用它支持我们的 Python Web 开发。

$ wget https://www.djangoproject.com/m/releases/1.11/Django-1.11.3.tar.gz
--2021-10-28 18:14:59--  https://www.djangoproject.com/m/releases/1.11/Django-1.11.3.tar.gz
Resolving www.djangoproject.com (www.djangoproject.com)... 151.101.74.132, 2a04:4e42:36::644
Connecting to www.djangoproject.com (www.djangoproject.com)|151.101.74.132|:443... connected.
ERROR: cannot verify www.djangoproject.com's certificate, issued by ‘/C=US/O=Let's Encrypt/CN=R3’:
  Issued certificate has expired.
To connect to www.djangoproject.com insecurely, use `--no-check-certificate'.

应该如下使用：

$ wget https://www.djangoproject.com/m/releases/1.11/Django-1.11.3.tar.gz --no-check-certificate
--2021-10-28 18:15:31--  https://www.djangoproject.com/m/releases/1.11/Django-1.11.3.tar.gz
Resolving www.djangoproject.com (www.djangoproject.com)... 151.101.74.132, 2a04:4e42:36::644
Connecting to www.djangoproject.com (www.djangoproject.com)|151.101.74.132|:443... connected.
WARNING: cannot verify www.djangoproject.com's certificate, issued by ‘/C=US/O=Let's Encrypt/CN=R3’:
  Issued certificate has expired.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
Location: https://media.djangoproject.com/releases/1.11/Django-1.11.3.tar.gz [following]
--2021-10-28 18:15:33--  https://media.djangoproject.com/releases/1.11/Django-1.11.3.tar.gz
Resolving media.djangoproject.com (media.djangoproject.com)... 151.101.230.132, 2a04:4e42:11::644
Connecting to media.djangoproject.com (media.djangoproject.com)|151.101.230.132|:443... connected.
WARNING: cannot verify media.djangoproject.com's certificate, issued by ‘/C=US/O=Let's Encrypt/CN=R3’:
  Issued certificate has expired.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 7872014 (7.5M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘Django-1.11.3.tar.gz’

100%[=========================================>] 7,872,014    182KB/s   in 30s    

2021-10-28 18:16:07 (253 KB/s) - ‘Django-1.11.3.tar.gz’ saved [7872014/7872014]

$ tar -zxvf Django-1.11.3.tar.gz

$ echo $HOME
/root
$ ls
Django-1.11.3  Django-1.11.3.tar.gz

$ cd Django-1.11.3
$ python setup.py install
...
Finished processing dependencies for Django==1.11.3

我们需要一个项目来存放我们的 Python 文件

$ python /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Django-1.11.3-py2.7.egg/django/bin/django-admin.py startproject HelloWorld
$ pwd
/root/Django-1.11.3
$ ls
AUTHORS           js_tests
build             LICENSE
CONTRIBUTING.rst  LICENSE.python
dist              MANIFEST.in
django            package.json
Django.egg-info   PKG-INFO
docs              README.rst
extras            scripts
Gruntfile.js      setup.cfg
HelloWorld        setup.py
INSTALL           tests

进入项目文件夹

$ cd HelloWorld

内网启动 [本步骤非必要]：这里是我之前踩到的一个坑，我直接启动之后发现外网根本访问不到，然后看了一下，我是开放在127.0.0.1:8000的，所以你现在如果尝试访问你的外网 IP ，你是根本访问不到的。

$ python manage.py runserver

外网启动

首先我们将程序跑在80端口。我们访问:http://<您的 CVM IP 地址>/ 如 http://81.71.136.94/

$ python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:80

修改配置文件

我们发现提示因为安全问题不能访问，接下来我们修改配置

$ cd HelloWorld  
$ vim settings.py # nano settings.py

在 settings.py 里，我们把:

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

改成

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']

重新启动

$ cd ../
$ python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:80

我们再次访问:

http://<您的 CVM IP 地址>/

如果和下图一致说明安装成功了