以下引用来自于《head first 设计模式》第九章
优缺点组合模式允许你将对象组合成树形结构来表现“整体/部分”层次结构。
组合能让客户以一致的方式处理个别对象以及对象组合。
以下引用来自于参考1
使用场景组合模式的主要优点有：
- 组合模式使得客户端代码可以一致地处理单个对象和组合对象，无须关心自己处理的是单个对象，还是组合对象，这简化了客户端代码；
- 更容易在组合体内加入新的对象，客户端不会因为加入了新的对象而更改源代码，满足“开闭原则”；
其主要缺点是：
- 设计较复杂，客户端需要花更多时间理清类之间的层次关系；
- 不容易限制容器中的构件；
- 不容易用继承的方法来增加构件的新功能；
以下引用来自于参考1
示例
- 在需要表示一个对象整体与部分的层次结构的场合。
- 要求对用户隐藏组合对象与单个对象的不同，用户可以用统一的接口使用组合结构中的所有对象的场合。
以下代码来自于《head first 设计模式》第九章
菜单组件
public abstract class MenuComponent {
public void add(MenuComponent menuComponent) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public void remove(MenuComponent menuComponent) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public MenuComponent getChild(int i) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public String getName() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public String getDescription() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public double getPrice() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public boolean isVegetarian() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public void print() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
}
菜单项 扩展MenuComponent
public class MenuItem extends MenuComponent {
String name;
String description;
boolean vegetarian;
double price;
public MenuItem(String name, String description, boolean vegetarian, double price) {
this.name = name;
this.description = description;
this.vegetarian = vegetarian;
this.price = price;
}
@Override
public String getName() {
return name;
}
@Override
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
@Override
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
@Override
public boolean isVegetarian() {
return vegetarian;
}
@Override
public void print() {
System.out.print(" " + getName());
if (isVegetarian()) {
System.out.print("(v)");
}
System.out.println(", " + getPrice());
System.out.println(" -- " + getDescription());
}
}
组合菜单
public class Menu extends MenuComponent {
ArrayList menuComponents = new ArrayList();
String name;
String description;
public Menu(String name, String description) {
this.name = name;
this.description = description;
}
@Override
public void add(MenuComponent menuComponent) {
menuComponents.add(menuComponent);
}
@Override
public void remove(MenuComponent menuComponent) {
menuComponents.remove(menuComponent);
}
@Override
public MenuComponent getChild(int i) {
return (MenuComponent)menuComponents.get(i);
}
@Override
public String getName() {
return name;
}
@Override
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
@Override
public void print() {
System.out.print("n" + getName());
System.out.println(", " + getDescription());
System.out.println("---------------------");
Iterator iterator = menuComponents.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
MenuComponent menuComponent =
(MenuComponent)iterator.next();
menuComponent.print();
}
}
}
测试菜单使用
public class MenuTestDrive {
public static void main(String args[]) {
MenuComponent pancakeHouseMenu =
new Menu("PANCAKE HOUSE MENU", "Breakfast");
MenuComponent dinerMenu =
new Menu("DINER MENU", "Lunch");
MenuComponent cafeMenu =
new Menu("CAFE MENU", "Dinner");
MenuComponent dessertMenu =
new Menu("DESSERT MENU", "Dessert of course!");
MenuComponent coffeeMenu = new Menu("COFFEE MENU", "Stuff to go with your afternoon coffee");
MenuComponent allMenus = new Menu("ALL MENUS", "All menus combined");
allMenus.add(pancakeHouseMenu);
allMenus.add(dinerMenu);
allMenus.add(cafeMenu);
pancakeHouseMenu.add(new MenuItem(
"K&B's Pancake Breakfast",
"Pancakes with scrambled eggs and toast",
true,
2.99));
pancakeHouseMenu.add(new MenuItem(
"Regular Pancake Breakfast",
"Pancakes with fried eggs, sausage",
false,
2.99));
pancakeHouseMenu.add(new MenuItem(
"Blueberry Pancakes",
"Pancakes made with fresh blueberries, and blueberry syrup",
true,
3.49));
pancakeHouseMenu.add(new MenuItem(
"Waffles",
"Waffles with your choice of blueberries or strawberries",
true,
3.59));
dinerMenu.add(new MenuItem(
"Vegetarian BLT",
"(Fakin') Bacon with lettuce & tomato on whole wheat",
true,
2.99));
dinerMenu.add(new MenuItem(
"BLT",
"Bacon with lettuce & tomato on whole wheat",
false,
2.99));
dinerMenu.add(new MenuItem(
"Soup of the day",
"A bowl of the soup of the day, with a side of potato salad",
false,
3.29));
dinerMenu.add(new MenuItem(
"Hot Dog",
"A hot dog, with saurkraut, relish, onions, topped with cheese",
false,
3.05));
dinerMenu.add(new MenuItem(
"Steamed Veggies and Brown Rice",
"Steamed vegetables over brown rice",
true,
3.99));
dinerMenu.add(new MenuItem(
"Pasta",
"Spaghetti with marinara sauce, and a slice of sourdough bread",
true,
3.89));
dinerMenu.add(dessertMenu);
dessertMenu.add(new MenuItem(
"Apple Pie",
"Apple pie with a flakey crust, topped with vanilla icecream",
true,
1.59));
dessertMenu.add(new MenuItem(
"Cheesecake",
"Creamy New York cheesecake, with a chocolate graham crust",
true,
1.99));
dessertMenu.add(new MenuItem(
"Sorbet",
"A scoop of raspberry and a scoop of lime",
true,
1.89));
cafeMenu.add(new MenuItem(
"Veggie Burger and Air Fries",
"Veggie burger on a whole wheat bun, lettuce, tomato, and fries",
true,
3.99));
cafeMenu.add(new MenuItem(
"Soup of the day",
"A cup of the soup of the day, with a side salad",
false,
3.69));
cafeMenu.add(new MenuItem(
"Burrito",
"A large burrito, with whole pinto beans, salsa, guacamole",
true,
4.29));
cafeMenu.add(coffeeMenu);
coffeeMenu.add(new MenuItem(
"Coffee Cake",
"Crumbly cake topped with cinnamon and walnuts",
true,
1.59));
coffeeMenu.add(new MenuItem(
"Bagel",
"Flavors include sesame, poppyseed, cinnamon raisin, pumpkin",
false,
0.69));
coffeeMenu.add(new MenuItem(
"Biscotti",
"Three almond or hazelnut biscotti cookies",
true,
0.89));
Waitress waitress = new Waitress(allMenus);
waitress.printMenu();
}
}
参考
1组合模式（详解版）
2《head first 设计模式》
