4.配置application.yml4.0.0 org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-parent 2.3.2.RELEASE com.drhj rabbitmq-springboot 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT rabbitmq-springboot Demo project for Spring Boot 1.8 org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-amqp org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-test test org.springframework.amqp spring-rabbit-test test org.springframework.boot spring-boot-maven-plugin
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: 192.168.64.140 #服务ip
port: 5672
username: admin
password: admin
virtual-host: drhj #虚拟空间
5.RabbitMQ六种工作模式
六种工作模式
二.简单模式 1.主程序因为我们测试六种模式，所以如果使用系统提供的启动类，根据spring启动类的特性，启动其所在文件夹下的所有类，显然浪费资源，所以我们在每种模式的测试文件中都写一个启动类。
Spring提供的Queue类,是队列的封装对象,它封装了队列的参数信息.
RabbitMQ的自动配置类,会发现这些Queue实例,并在RabbitMQ服务器中定义这些队列.
package com.drhj.rabbitmqspringboot.m1;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Main.class,args);
}
@Bean
public Queue helloworld() {
//return new Queue("helloworld"); //默认true,false,false
return new Queue("helloworld",true);
}
@Autowired
private Producer p;
@PostConstruct
public void test() {
p.send();
}
}
2.生产者
AmqpTemplate是rabbitmq客户端API的一个封装工具,提供了简便的方法来执行消息操作.
AmqpTemplate由自动配置类自动创建
package com.drhj.rabbitmqspringboot.m1;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class Producer {
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate t;
public void send() {
//自动转换byte[]数组
t.convertAndSend("helloworld","Hello world!");
}
}
3.消费者
通过@RabbitListener从指定的队列接收消息
使用@RebbitHandler注解的方法来处理消息
package com.drhj.rabbitmqspringboot.m1;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "helloworld")
public class Consumer {
@RabbitHandler
public void receive(String s) {
System.out.println("收到数据：" + s);
}
}
或者也可以写成如下形式
@Component
public class SimpleReceiver {
@RabbitListener(queues = "helloworld")
public void receive(String s) {
System.out.println("收到: "+s);
}
}
与上者不同的是，上者如果想要多个消费者，需要创建多个类；而下者只需要添加几个方法即可
另外,@RabbitListener 注解中也可以直接定义队列:
@RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue(name = "helloworld",durable = "false"))4.测试
上述Main方法中的
@Autowired
private Producer p;
@PostConstruct
public void test() {
p.send();
}
就是用于测试
启动主程序，可能需要启动两次，查看结果
在主程序中创建名为task_queue的持久队列
package com.drhj.rabbitmqspringboot.m2;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Main.class,args);
}
@Bean
public Queue helloworld() {
//return new Queue("helloworld"); //默认true,false,false
return new Queue("task_queue",true);
}
@Autowired
private Producer p;
@PostConstruct
public void test() {
//在新的线程中执行死循环，不阻塞spring 主线程执行
new Thread(() -> p.send()).start();
}
}
2.生产者
package com.drhj.rabbitmqspringboot.m2;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Scanner;
@Component
public class Producer {
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate t;
public void send() {
while (true) {
System.out.println("输入消息: ");
String s = new Scanner(System.in).nextLine();
//自动转换byte[]数组
t.convertAndSend("task_queue",s);
}
}
}
3.消费者
创建多个消费者
package com.drhj.rabbitmqspringboot.m2;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class Consumer {
@RabbitListener(queues = "task_queue")
public void receive1(String s) {
System.out.println("消费者1收到数据：" + s);
}
@RabbitListener(queues = "task_queue")
public void receive2(String s) {
System.out.println("消费者2收到数据：" + s);
}
}
4.测试
上述Main方法中的
@Autowired
private Producer p;
@PostConstruct
public void test() {
//在新的线程中执行死循环，不阻塞spring 主线程执行
new Thread(() -> p.send()).start();
}
这里创建一个线程的原因是如果@PostConstruct下的程序一直执行死循环，则后续程序无法正常执行了。
如果要改成非持久化
//如果需要设置消息为非持久化,可以取得消息的属性对象,修改它的deliveryMode属性
t.convertAndSend("task_queue", (Object) s, new MessagePostProcessor() {
@Override
public Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {
MessageProperties props = message.getMessageProperties();
props.setDeliveryMode(MessageDeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT);
return message;
}
});
四，发布和订阅模式
1.主程序
创建 FanoutExcnahge 实例, 封装 fanout 类型交换机定义信息.
spring boot 的自动配置类会自动发现交换机实例, 并在 RabbitMQ 服务器中定义该交换机.
package com.drhj.rabbitmqspringboot.m3;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Main.class,args);
}
@Bean
public FanoutExchange logs() {
return new FanoutExchange("logs",false,false);
}
@Autowired
private Producer p;
@PostConstruct
public void test() {
//在新的线程中执行死循环，不阻塞spring 主线程执行
new Thread(() -> p.send()).start();
}
}
2.生产者
生产者向指定的交换机 logs 发送数据.
不需要指定队列名或路由键, 即使指定也无效, 因为 fanout 交换机会向所有绑定的队列发送数据, 而不是有选择的发送.
package com.drhj.rabbitmqspringboot.m3;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Scanner;
@Component
public class Producer {
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate t;
public void send() {
while (true) {
System.out.println("输入消息: ");
String s = new Scanner(System.in).nextLine();
//自动转换byte[]数组
//t.convertAndSend("logs","队列名或路由键",s);
t.convertAndSend("logs","",s);
}
}
}
3.消费者
消费者需要执行以下操作:
- 定义随机队列(随机命名,非持久,排他,自动删除)
- 定义交换机(可以省略, 已在主程序中定义)
- 将队列绑定到交换机
spring boot 通过注解完成以上操作:
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(), //自动设置的参数：随机命名,false,true,true 非持久，独占，自动删除
exchange = @Exchange(name = "logs",declare = "false") //declare = "false" 不创建交换机，只是引用存在的交换机
))
package com.drhj.rabbitmqspringboot.m3;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class Consumer {
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(), //自动设置的参数：随机命名,false,true,true 非持久，独占，自动删除
exchange = @Exchange(name = "logs",declare = "false") //declare = "false" 不创建交换机，只是引用存在的交换机
))
public void receive1(String s) {
System.out.println("消费者1收到数据：" + s);
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(), //自动设置的参数：随机命名,false,true,true 非持久，独占，自动删除
exchange = @Exchange(name = "logs",declare = "false") //declare = "false" 不创建交换机，只是引用存在的交换机
))
public void receive2(String s) {
System.out.println("消费者2收到数据：" + s);
}
}
4.测试
五，路由模式
与发布和订阅模式代码类似, 只是做以下三点调整:
- 使用 direct 交换机
- 队列和交换机绑定时, 设置绑定键
- 发送消息时, 指定路由键
主程序中使用 DirectExcnahge 对象封装交换机信息, spring boot 自动配置类会自动发现这个对象, 并在 RabbitMQ 服务器上定义这个交换机.
package com.drhj.rabbitmqspringboot.m4;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Main.class,args);
}
@Bean
public DirectExchange logs() {
return new DirectExchange("direct_logs",false,false);
}
@Autowired
private Producer p;
@PostConstruct
public void test() {
//在新的线程中执行死循环，不阻塞spring 主线程执行
new Thread(() -> p.send()).start();
}
}
2.生产者
生产者向指定的交换机发送消息, 并指定路由键.
package com.drhj.rabbitmqspringboot.m4;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Scanner;
@Component
public class Producer {
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate t;
public void send() {
while (true) {
System.out.println("输入消息: ");
String s = new Scanner(System.in).nextLine();
System.out.println("输入关键词: ");
String k = new Scanner(System.in).nextLine();
//自动转换byte[]数组
//t.convertAndSend("logs","队列名或路由键",s);
t.convertAndSend("direct_logs",k,s);
}
}
}
3.消费者
消费者通过注解来定义随机队列, 绑定到交换机, 并指定绑定键:
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(), //自动设置的参数：随机命名,false,true,true 非持久，独占，自动删除
exchange = @Exchange(name = "direct_logs",declare = "false"), //declare = "false" 不创建交换机，只是引用存在的交换机
key = {"error"}
))
package com.drhj.rabbitmqspringboot.m4;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class Consumer {
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(), //自动设置的参数：随机命名,false,true,true 非持久，独占，自动删除
exchange = @Exchange(name = "direct_logs",declare = "false"), //declare = "false" 不创建交换机，只是引用存在的交换机
key = {"error"}
))
public void receive1(String s) {
System.out.println("消费者1收到数据：" + s);
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(), //自动设置的参数：随机命名,false,true,true 非持久，独占，自动删除
exchange = @Exchange(name = "direct_logs",declare = "false"), //declare = "false" 不创建交换机，只是引用存在的交换机
key = {"info","error","warning"}
))
public void receive2(String s) {
System.out.println("消费者2收到数据：" + s);
}
}
4.测试
六，主题模式
主题模式不过是具有特殊规则的路由模式, 代码与路由模式基本相同, 只做如下调整:
- 使用 topic 交换机
- 使用特殊的绑定键和路由键规则
package com.drhj.rabbitmqspringboot.m5;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Main.class,args);
}
@Bean
public TopicExchange logs() {
return new TopicExchange("topic_logs",false,false);
}
@Autowired
private Producer p;
@PostConstruct
public void test() {
//在新的线程中执行死循环，不阻塞spring 主线程执行
new Thread(() -> p.send()).start();
}
}
2.生产者
package com.drhj.rabbitmqspringboot.m5;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Scanner;
@Component
public class Producer {
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate t;
public void send() {
while (true) {
System.out.println("输入消息: ");
String s = new Scanner(System.in).nextLine();
System.out.println("输入关键词: ");
String k = new Scanner(System.in).nextLine();
//自动转换byte[]数组
//t.convertAndSend("logs","队列名或路由键",s);
t.convertAndSend("topic_logs",k,s);
}
}
}
3.消费者
package com.drhj.rabbitmqspringboot.m5;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class Consumer {
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(), //自动设置的参数：随机命名,false,true,true 非持久，独占，自动删除
exchange = @Exchange(name = "topic_logs",declare = "false"), //declare = "false" 不创建交换机，只是引用存在的交换机
key = {"*.orange.*"}
))
public void receive1(String s) {
System.out.println("消费者1收到数据：" + s);
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(), //自动设置的参数：随机命名,false,true,true 非持久，独占，自动删除
exchange = @Exchange(name = "topic_logs",declare = "false"), //declare = "false" 不创建交换机，只是引用存在的交换机
key = {"*.*.rabbit","lazy.#"}
))
public void receive2(String s) {
System.out.println("消费者2收到数据：" + s);
}
}
4.测试
七，RPC异步调用
1.主程序
主程序中定义两个队列
- 发送调用信息的队列: rpc_queue
- 返回结果的队列: 随机命名
package com.drhj.rabbitmqspringboot.m6;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.UUID;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);
}
@Bean
public Queue sendQueue() {
return new Queue("rpc_queue",false);
}
//给队列添加名称
@Bean
public Queue rndQueue() {
return new Queue(UUID.randomUUID().toString(), false);
}
@Autowired
RpcClient client;
@PostConstruct
public void test() {
//在新的线程中执行死循环，不阻塞spring 主线程执行
new Thread(() -> {
while (true) {
System.out.println("求第几个斐波那契数: ");
int n = new Scanner(System.in).nextInt();
client.send(n);
}
}).start();
}
}
2.服务端
从rpc_queue接收调用数据, 执行运算求斐波那契数,并返回计算结果.
@Rabbitlistener注解对于具有返回值的方法:
- 会自动获取 replyTo 属性
- 自动获取 correlationId 属性
- 向 replyTo 属性指定的队列发送计算结果, 并携带 correlationId 属性
package com.drhj.rabbitmqspringboot.m6;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class RpcServer {
@RabbitListener(queues = "rpc_queue")
public long getFbnq(int n) {
return f(n);
}
private long f(int n) {
if (n==1 || n==2) {
return 1;
}
return f(n-1) + f(n-2);
}
}
3.客户端
使用 SPEL 表达式获取随机队列名: “#{rndQueue.name}”
发送调用数据时, 携带随机队列名和correlationId
从随机队列接收调用结果, 并获取correlationId
package com.drhj.rabbitmqspringboot.m6;
import java.util.UUID;
import org.springframework.amqp.AmqpException;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessagePostProcessor;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageProperties;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.AmqpHeaders;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Header;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class RpcClient {
@Autowired
AmqpTemplate t;
@Value("#{rndQueue.name}")
String rndQueue;
public void send(int n) {
// 发送调用信息时, 通过前置消息处理器, 对消息属性进行设置, 添加返回队列名和关联id
t.convertAndSend("rpc_queue", (Object)n, new MessagePostProcessor() {
@Override
public Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {
MessageProperties p = message.getMessageProperties();
p.setReplyTo(rndQueue);
p.setCorrelationId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
return message;
}
});
}
//从随机队列接收计算结果
@RabbitListener(queues = "#{rndQueue.name}")
public void receive(long r, @Header(name=AmqpHeaders.CORRELATION_ID) String correlationId) {
System.out.println("nn"+correlationId+" - 收到: "+r);
}
}
4.测试
