从JAVA层addService到SM

经过前面几篇文章得分析，可以大致知晓从native层往下是如何进行SM的获取，那么这篇文章将着手从JAVA层开始梳理service服务端如何添加服务到SM中的

addService()整体流程简介

照例先给出整个流程的时序图
addService整个流程的示意图如下：

AMS启动

本篇以AMS的addService为例进行梳理分析，其他的服务也都是大同小异，这里简单说一下AMS服务的启动

AMS是由SystemServer进行开启的，我们从AMS开启入手。

代码路径：android/framework/base/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java

public static void main(String[] args) {
    new SystemServer().run();
}


//省略一些无关代码
private void run() {
    ....
    // Create the system service manager.
    //创建SystemServiceManager
    mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext);
	mSystemServiceManager.setStartInfo(mRuntimeRestart,
    		mRuntimeStartElapsedTime, mRuntimeStartUptime);
    LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager);
     
    // Start services.
    try {
        t.traceBegin("StartServices");
        //启动一些关键服务，AMS服务就是在这个函数中进行启动的
        startBootstrapServices(t);
        startCoreServices(t);
        startOtherServices(t);
    } catch (Throwable ex) {
        Slog.e("System", "******************************************");
        Slog.e("System", "************ Failure starting system services", ex);
        throw ex;
    } finally {
        t.traceEnd(); // StartServices
    }
    ....
}

private void startBootstrapServices(@NonNull TimingsTraceAndSlog t) {
    ...
    // Activity manager runs the show.
    t.traceBegin("StartActivityManager");
    //启动AMS
    ActivityTaskManagerService atm = mSystemServiceManager.startService(
        	ActivityTaskManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService();
    mActivityManagerService = ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.startService(
            mSystemServiceManager, atm);
	mActivityManagerService.setSystemServiceManager(mSystemServiceManager);
    mActivityManagerService.setInstaller(installer);
    mWindowManagerGlobalLock = atm.getGlobalLock();
    t.traceEnd();
...
    // Set up the Application instance for the system process and get started.
    t.traceBegin("SetSystemProcess");
    //将AMS注册到SM中
    mActivityManagerService.setSystemProcess();
    t.traceEnd();
    ....
}

到这里，AMS就已经启动了，接下来就是进行服务的注册了，AMS向SM中注册都是在setSystemProcess()函数中完成的，接下来进一步进行分析

AMS的注册 1. ActivityManagerService.setSystemProcess()

代码路径： android/framework/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java

public void setSystemProcess() {
    try {
        //开始调用addService()方法进行向ServiceManager中进行注册
        ServiceManager.addService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE, this,  true,
        		DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL | DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_NORMAL | DUMP_FLAG_PROTO);
        ServiceManager.addService(ProcessStats.SERVICE_NAME, mProcessStats);
        ServiceManager.addService("meminfo", new MemBinder(this),  false,
				DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_HIGH);
        ServiceManager.addService("gfxinfo", new GraphicsBinder(this));
        ServiceManager.addService("dbinfo", new DbBinder(this));
        if (MONITOR_CPU_USAGE) {
            ServiceManager.addService("cpuinfo", new CpuBinder(this)，
					 false, DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL);
        }
        ServiceManager.addService("permission", new PermissionController(this));
        ServiceManager.addService("processinfo", new ProcessInfoService(this));
        ServiceManager.addService("cacheinfo", new CacheBinder(this));
         
        ...
}

查看setSystemProcess()方法，可以看到通过ServiceManager.addService()方法将AMS相关信息都注册到了SM中，但是这里就有了疑问，SM是在哪里进行获取的呢？带着这个疑问继续分析。

2. ServiceManager.addService()

代码路径：android/framework/base/services/core/java/com/android/os/ServiceManager.java

public static void addService(String name, IBinder service, boolean allowIsolated,
		int dumpPriority) {
    try {
        //这里最终变成：ServiceManagerNative.java$ServiceManagerProxy.addService();
        getIServiceManager().addService(name, service, allowIsolated, dumpPriority);
    } catch (RemoteException e) {
        Log.e(TAG, "error in addService", e);
    }
}

看到此处，针对上面的SM是在哪里获取的问题大致有了一个猜测，应该就是通过getIServiceManager()方法去获取的，那么究竟对不对呢，展开分析一下getIServiceManager()

代码路径：android/framework/base/services/core/java/com/android/os/ServiceManager.java

private static IServiceManager getIServiceManager() {
    //如果sServiceManager已存在，直接返回sServiceManager对象，单例
    if (sServiceManager != null) {
        return sServiceManager;
    }
  
    // Find the service manager
    //返回一个ServiceManagerNative对象
    sServiceManager = ServiceManagerNative.
        	asInterface(Binder.allowBlocking(BinderInternal.getContextObject()));
    //所以这里也就变成了：sServiceManager = ServiceManagerNative.asInterface(new BinderProxy());
    return sServiceManager;
}

确实如上面的猜测，getIServiceManager()就是返回了一个IServiceManager对象，并且保证了单例，如果已存在IServiceManager对象，那么就直接返回，否则新建后返回，接下来看一下IServiceManager对象是如何新建的，同样将创建的代码进行拆分：

BinderInternal.getContextObject()

代码路径：android/frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/BinderInternal.java

//此处最终返回值为BinderProxy对象
public static final native IBinder getContextObject();

发现getContextObject()是一个native方法，会通过JNI层再往下调用，如何调用到JNI，调用哪个JNI方法，可以看前面的文章，这里不做赘述

代码路径：android/frameworks/base/core/jni/android_util_Binder.cpp

static jobject android_os_BinderInternal_getContextObject(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
    //此处代码就很熟悉了，和defaultServiceManager()方法里面获取SM的方式是一致的，最终就获取了SM的BpBinder对象
    sp b = ProcessState::self()->getContextObject(NULL);
    return javaObjectForIBinder(env, b);
}

获取BpBinder对象的方法和defaultServiceManager()方法里获取BpBinder的方式是完全一样的，这里就不展开了，接下来就着重看一下javaObjectForIBinder()方法

代码路径：android/frameworks/base/core/jni/android_util_Binder.cpp

// If the argument is a JavaBBinder, return the Java object that was used to create it.
// Otherwise return a BinderProxy for the IBinder. If a previous call was passed the
// same IBinder, and the original BinderProxy is still alive, return the same BinderProxy.
jobject javaObjectForIBinder(JNIEnv* env, const sp& val)
{
    // N.B. This function is called from a @FastNative JNI method, so don't take locks around
    // calls to Java code or block the calling thread for a long time for any reason.
    
    if (val == NULL) return NULL;

    //这里是在判断传入的Binder对象是BBinder还是BpBinder，即确认当前server是客户端还是服务端,而这里显然是客户端，val是ServiceManager的BpBinder对象

    if (val->checkSubclass(&gBinderOffsets)) {
        // It's a JavaBBinder created by ibinderForJavaObject. Already has Java object.
        //从通过JavaBBinder的object()方法可以拿到mObject成员，而这个mObject就是android.os.Binder在native层的JNI对象
        jobject object = static_cast(val.get())->object();
        LOGDEATH("objectForBinder %p: it's our own %p!n", val.get(), object);
        //返回JavaBBinderHolder对象
        return object;
    }
    
    BinderProxyNativeData* nativeData = new BinderProxyNativeData();
	nativeData->mOrgue = new DeathRecipientList;
    nativeData->mObject = val;
    
    //通过调用BinderProxy的构造函数，创建一个BinderProxy对象
    jobject object = env->CallStaticObjectMethod(gBinderProxyOffsets.mClass,
            gBinderProxyOffsets.mGetInstance, (jlong) nativeData, (jlong) val.get());
    if (env->ExceptionCheck()) {
        // In the exception case, getInstance still took ownership of nativeData.
        return NULL;
    }
    BinderProxyNativeData* actualNativeData = getBPNativeData(env, object);
    
    if (actualNativeData == nativeData) {
        // Created a new Proxy
        uint32_t numProxies = gNumProxies.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
        uint32_t numLastWarned = gProxiesWarned.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
        if (numProxies >= numLastWarned + PROXY_WARN_INTERVAL) {
            // Multiple threads can get here, make sure only one of them gets to
            // update the warn counter.
            if (gProxiesWarned.compare_exchange_strong(numLastWarned,
                        numLastWarned + PROXY_WARN_INTERVAL, std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
                ALOGW("Unexpectedly many live BinderProxies: %dn", numProxies);
            }
        }
    } else {
        delete nativeData;
    }

    //最后返回BinderProxy对象,即BpBinder
    return object;
}

有几个点需要再次说明一下

gBinderProxyOffsets结构体的初始化，是在int_register_android_os_BinderProxy()中完成的，在JNI注册的时候就会调用
gBinderOffsets结构体的初始化,是在int_register_android_os_Binder()中完成的,同样是在JNI注册的时候调用的

如果val->checkSubclass(&gBinderOffsets)返回为TRUE,为什么说返回的是BBinder对象?

首先,object是通过方法:static_cast(val.get())->object()获取的,那么同样拆分后进行分析

先看val.get()

代码路径：android/frameworks/base/core/jni/android_util_Binder.cpp

sp get(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)
{
    AutoMutex _l(mLock);
    //将弱指针升级为强指针，如果是首次进来，会返回NULL
    sp b = mBinder.promote();
    if (b == NULL) {
        //新建一个JavaBBinder,然后返回JavaBBinder对象
        b = new JavaBBinder(env, obj);
        mBinder = b;
        ALOGV("Creating JavaBinder %p (refs %p) for Object %p, weakCount=%" PRId32 "n",
             b.get(), b->getWeakRefs(), obj, b->getWeakRefs()->getWeakCount());
    }
    
    return b;
}

发现会在get()方法中进行新建JavaBBinder

JavaBBinder(JNIEnv* env, jobject  object)    : mVM(jnienv_to_javavm(env)), mObject(env->NewGlobalRef(object)) //mObject就被赋值为object{    ALOGV("Creating JavaBBinder %pn", this);    android_atomic_inc(&gNumLocalRefs);    incRefsCreated(env);}

这里的object是BBinder,也就是android.os.binder在native层的JNI对象

JavaBBinder->object()

jobject object() const{    //返回mObject对象    return mObject;}

最终BinderInternal.getContextObject()在addService()时返回的是BinderProxy对象,也就是BpBinder

ServiceManagerNative.asInterface(new BinderProxy())

代码路径:android/framework/base/core/java/android/os/ServiceManagerNative.java

static public IServiceManager asInterface(IBinder obj){    if (obj == null) {        return null;    }        //最终会新建ServiceManagerProxy对象返回，通过ServiceManagerProxy(new BinderProxy())方法去创建    return new ServiceManagerProxy(obj);}

如注释,因为obj是BinderProxy对象,所以对应queryLocalInterface()返回的就是NULL,接下去就会新建ServiceManagerProxy对象

public ServiceManagerProxy(IBinder remote) {    //这里就是用mRemote保存了BinderProxy对象，所以后面mRemote就是BinderProxy对象    mRemote = remote;    //同时会调用IServiceManager.Stub.asInterface创建ServiceManagerProxy对象，用mServiceManager保存了起来    mServiceManager = IServiceManager.Stub.asInterface(remote);}

JNI和JAVA层各个Binder类的关系图

至此Binder的整体解析，包含ServiceManager的整个结构就告一段落了，整一个部分，关于客户端和服务端各个Binder对象的关系再进行梳理一下，如下图所示：

JavaBBinder继承自本地框架的BBinder，代表binder service服务端实体，而JavaBBinderHolder保存JavaBBinder指针，Java层Binder的mObject保存的是JavaBBinderHolder指针的值（android_os_Binder_init函数的env->SetLongField(obj, gBinderOffsets.mObject, (jlong)jbh);），故这里用聚合关系表示。JavaBBinder中的mObject保存的是android.os.Binder在native层的JNI对象，BinderProxy的mObject保存的是BpBinder对象指针的值，故此这里用聚合关系表示

从JAVA层addService到SM

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