Java项目中，现在基本上都是前后端分离了，后端全是接口，为了提高系统质量，减少bug，其中一个方法，就是对后端接口做单元测试，编写单元测试，由于出现额外工作量，大部分Java工程师有些抵触心理，但有些公司会要求程序员必须写单元测试。

下面介绍一种快速实现单元测试方法，分享给大家，欢迎留言讨论。

目录

1.接口统一返回类

2.Post请求方法

3.Junit实现

4.单元测试运行结果

1.接口统一返回类

public class ResponsePacket extends CommonBean {
    public static int STATUS_CODE_SUCESS=0;//0成功
    public static int STATUS_CODE_FAIL=-1;//-1失败

    
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
    private String errorMsg;

    
    private int statusCode;

    
    private Object data;


    
    private String errorHint;


    public Object getData() {
        return data;
    }

    public void setData(Object data) {
        if (data == null) {
            this.data = null;
        } else if (data == "") {
            this.data = null;
        } else {
            this.data = data;
        }
    }

    public String getErrorMsg() {
        return errorMsg;
    }

    public void setErrorMsg(String errorMsg) {
        this.errorMsg = errorMsg;
    }

    public int getStatusCode() {
        return statusCode;
    }

    public void setStatusCode(int statusCode) {
        this.statusCode = statusCode;
    }

    public String getErrorHint() {
        return errorHint;
    }

    public void setErrorHint(String errorHint) {
        this.errorHint = errorHint;
    }

    public ResponsePacket() {
        super();
    }

}

CommonBean.java

这个类是个人习惯，为了方便调试打印，可以去掉。

public class CommonBean implements java.io.Serializable {

    
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -1327286344329810029L;

    
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj) {
            return true;
        }
        if (!(obj instanceof CommonBean)) {
            return false;
        }
        return EqualsBuilder.reflectionEquals(this, obj);
    }

    
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return HashCodeBuilder.reflectionHashCode(this);
    }

    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return ReflectionToStringBuilder.toString(this);
    }

}

2.Post请求方法

  public static String getJsonData(String urls,int command,String json) {
        StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
        try {
            // 创建url资源
            URL url = new URL(urls);
            // 建立http连接
            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            // 设置允许输出
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            // 设置允许输入
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            // 设置不用缓存
            conn.setUseCaches(false);
            // 设置传递方式
            conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
            // 设置维持长连接
            conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
            // 设置文件类型:
            conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/json; charset=UTF-8");
            // 设置接收类型否则返回415错误
            conn.setRequestProperty("accept","application/json");
            // 设置文件字符集:
            conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
            // 设置文件类型:
            conn.setRequestProperty("contentType", "application/json");
            conn.setRequestProperty("command", command+"");
            // 开始连接请求
            conn.connect();
            OutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream()) ;
            // 写入请求的字符串
            out.write(json.getBytes());
            out.flush();
            out.close();

            //System.out.println(conn.getResponseCode());

            // 请求返回的状态
            if (HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK == conn.getResponseCode()){
                //System.out.println("连接成功");
                // 请求返回的数据
                InputStream in1 = conn.getInputStream();
                try {
                    String readLine=new String();
                    BufferedReader responseReader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in1,"UTF-8"));
                    while((readLine=responseReader.readLine())!=null){
                        sb.append(readLine).append("n");
                    }
                    responseReader.close();
                    //System.out.println(sb.toString());

                } catch (Exception e1) {
                    e1.printStackTrace();
                }
            } else {
                System.out.println("error++");

            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return sb.toString();

    }

3.Junit实现

    //本地项目访问地址
    String serverUrl="http://localhost:8080/weixin/api.do";
    //单元测试接口列表
    HashMap myMap  = new HashMap(){{
        put(MiniAppDefineConstant.GET_GOODS_LIST,"1获取商品列表");
        put(MiniAppDefineConstant.GET_GOODS_INFO,"3查询商品详情");
        put(MiniAppDefineConstant.GOODS_COLLECT_LIST,"62收藏列表");
        put(MiniAppDefineConstant.GOODS_COLLECT_ADD,"63收藏");
        put(MiniAppDefineConstant.GOODS_COLLECT_DEL,"64取消收藏");

    }};

    
    @Test
    public void miniAppMain() {
        miniApp(MiniAppDefineConstant.GET_GOODS_LIST);//1获取商品列表
        miniApp(MiniAppDefineConstant.GET_GOODS_INFO);//3查询商品详情
        miniApp(MiniAppDefineConstant.GOODS_COLLECT_ADD);//63收藏
        miniApp(MiniAppDefineConstant.GOODS_COLLECT_LIST);//62收藏列表
        miniApp(MiniAppDefineConstant.GOODS_COLLECT_DEL);//64取消收藏
    }
    //单元测试具体实现
    public void miniApp(int command) {
        String json="";
        if(command==MiniAppDefineConstant.GET_GOODS_LIST){//获取商品列表
            json="{"goodsName":"测试","openId":"o-1234zXBPJ1234c1OrNpzql1234","page":1,"count":10}";
        }else if(command==MiniAppDefineConstant.GET_GOODS_INFO){//查询商品详情
            json="{"goodsId":70,"openId":"o-1234zXBPJ1234c1OrNpzql1234"}";
        }else if(command==MiniAppDefineConstant.GOODS_COLLECT_LIST){//收藏列表
            json="{"goodsId":70,"openId":"o-1234zXBPJ1234c1OrNpzql1234","page":1,"count":10}";
        }else if(command==MiniAppDefineConstant.GOODS_COLLECT_ADD){//收藏
            json="{"goodsId":70,"openId":"o-1234zXBPJ1234c1OrNpzql1234"}";
        }else if(command==MiniAppDefineConstant.GOODS_COLLECT_DEL){//取消收藏
            json="{"goodsId":70,"openId":"o-1234zXBPJ1234c1OrNpzql1234"}";
        }
        System.out.println(command+"//"+myMap.get(command)+"------------"+json);
        ResponsePacket responsePacket=JsonUtil.fromJson(getJsonData(serverUrl,command,json),ResponsePacket.class);
        assertEquals(ResponsePacket.STATUS_CODE_SUCESS,responsePacket.getStatusCode());

    }

4.单元测试运行结果

都通过单元测试接口

20003//1获取商品列表------------{"goodsName":"测试","openId":"o-1234zXBPJ1234c1OrNpzql1234","page":1,"count":10}
20005//3查询商品详情------------{"goodsId":70,"openId":"o-1234zXBPJ1234c1OrNpzql1234"}
21002//63收藏------------{"goodsId":70,"openId":"o-1234zXBPJ1234c1OrNpzql1234"}
21001//62收藏列表------------{"goodsId":70,"openId":"o-1234zXBPJ1234c1OrNpzql1234","page":1,"count":10}
21003//64取消收藏------------{"goodsId":70,"openId":"o-1234zXBPJ1234c1OrNpzql1234"}

Process finished with exit code 0

部分接口没有通过测试结果截图