GUI编程_Java

GUI编程

该笔记由b站狂神说视频获取

告诉大家该怎么学?

这是什么?
它怎么玩?
该如何去在我们平时运用?

组件

窗口
弹窗
面板
文本框
列表框
按钮
图片
监听事件
鼠标
键盘事件
破解工具

简介

Gui的核心技术：Swing AWT

因为界面不美观。
需要jre环境！

为什么要学习？

可以写出自己心中想要的一些小工具
工作时候，也可能需要维护到swing界面，概率极小!
了解MVC架构，了解监听!

AWT

AWT 介绍

包含很多类和接口！GUI！
元素：窗口，按钮，文本框
java.awt

第一个frame窗口

package com.tian.test1;

import java.awt.*;

//GUI的第一个界面
public class Testframe {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //frame
        frame frame = new frame("我的第一个java图形界面窗口");

        //需要设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(400,400);

        //设置背景颜色
        frame.setBackground(new Color(54, 117, 151));

        //弹出的初始位置
        frame.setLocation(200,200);

        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

问题：发现窗口关闭不掉，停止程序运行就行了

尝试封装

package com.tian.test1;

import java.awt.*;

//GUI的第一个界面
public class Testframe2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Myframe myframe1 = new Myframe(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.BLUE);
        Myframe myframe2 = new Myframe(300, 100, 200, 200, Color.yellow);
        Myframe myframe3 = new Myframe(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.green);
        Myframe myframe4 = new Myframe(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.red);
    }
}

    class Myframe extends frame{
        static int id=0;
        public Myframe(int x,int y,int w,int d,Color color){
            super("myframe"+(++id));
            setBounds(x, y, w, d);
            setVisible(true);
            setBackground(color);
        }
    }

Panel面板讲解

解决关闭事件

package com.tian.test1;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

//panel,可以看成一个空间，但是不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        frame frame = new frame();
        //布局的概念
        Panel panel = new Panel();

        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);

        //坐标
        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(40,161,35));

        //panel设置坐标，相对于frame
        panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(193,15,60));

        frame.add(panel);

        frame.setVisible(true);
        //监听时间，监听窗口关闭事件，System.exit(0)
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            //窗口点击关闭的时候需要做的事情
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
            //结束程序
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

效果图

3种布局管理器

流式布局

package com.tian.test1;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        frame frame = new frame();

        //组件-按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");

        //设置为流失布局 默认居中
//        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));

        frame.setSize(200,200);
        //把按钮添加上去
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);

        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

东西南北中

package com.tian.test1;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        frame frame = new frame("东南西北中");

        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("South");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button center = new Button("Center");

        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setSize(200,200);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

表格布局

package com.tian.test1;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        frame frame = new frame("TestGridLayout");

        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
    	frame.add(btn1);
    	frame.add(btn2);
   		frame.add(btn3);
    	frame.add(btn4);
    	frame.add(btn5);
		frame.pack();//java函数！
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

课堂练习讲解及总结

效果图

package com.tian.test1;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        frame frame = new frame();
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setSize(400,300);
        frame.setLocation(300,400);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(39, 82, 118));

        Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2, 1));
        Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2, 2));

        p1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-1"));
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-2"));
        p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        p3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
            p4.add(new Button("for-"+i));
        }
        p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.add(p1);
        frame.add(p3);
    }
}

总结

总结:
1.frame是一个顶级窗口

2.Panel无法单独显示，必须添加到某个容器中。

3.布局管理器

流式
东西南北中
表格
大小。定位。背景颜色，可见性，监听!

事件监听

package com.tian.test1;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮，触发一些事件
        frame frame = new frame();
        Button button = new Button();

        //因为，addActionListener需要一个ActionListener，所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();
        windowClose(frame);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
    //关闭窗体事件
    private static void windowClose(frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("aaa");
    }
}

输入框事件监听

package com.tian.test1;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TextField1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动
        new Myframe1();
    }
}
class Myframe1 extends frame{
    public Myframe1(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);

        MyListener02 myListener02 = new MyListener02();
        //监听这个文本框输入的文字,按下enter就会触发
        textField.addActionListener(myListener02);

        //设置编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
class MyListener02 implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回的一个对象
        System.out.println(field.getText());//获得输入框的文本
        field.setText("");//null ""
    }
}

效果文本框输入什么（都是*），控制台打印什么，并清空输入框的内容

简易计算器

oop原则：组合大于继承！

oop七大原则参考博客

class A extends  B{
    
}
class A{
    public B b;
}

package com.tian.test1;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
            new Calculator();
    }
}
class Calculator extends frame{
    public Calculator(){
        //3个文本框
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        TextField num3 = new TextField(20);//字符数
        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));

        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    private TextField num1,num2,num3;

    public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1, TextField num2, TextField num3) {
        this.num1 = num1;
        this.num2 = num2;
        this.num3 = num3;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1.获得加数和被加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
        //2.将这个值+法运算后，放到第三个框
        num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        //3.清除前两个框
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");

    }
}

效果图

画笔paint

package com.tian.test1;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadframe();
    }
}
class MyPaint extends frame{
    public void loadframe(){
        setBounds(200,200,600,500);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    //画笔
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
  //      g.setColor(Color.red);
        g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
//        g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);//实心的圆

    //    g.setColor(Color.green);
        g.fillRect(150,200,200,200);

        //养成习惯，画笔用完，将他还原到最初的颜色
    }
}

鼠标监听

目标：实现鼠标画画

窗口监听

package com.tian.test1;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Windowframe();
    }
}
class Windowframe extends frame{
    public Windowframe(){
        setBackground(Color.blue);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        setVisible(true);
        this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
           //关闭窗口
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("windowClosing");
                System.exit(0);
            }
            //激活窗口
            @Override
            public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                Windowframe source = (Windowframe) e.getSource();
                source.setTitle("被激活了");
                System.out.println("windowActivated");
            }
        });
    }
}

键盘监听

package com.tian.test1;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Keyframe();
    }
}
class Keyframe extends frame{
    public Keyframe(){
        setBounds(1,2,300,400);
        setVisible(true);

        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            //键盘按下
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获得键盘下的见是哪一个，当前的码
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
                if(keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("上");
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

Swing之Jframe窗体

package com.tian.Test2;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JframeDemo {
    public void init(){
        Jframe jf = new Jframe("第一个Jframe窗口");
        jf.setVisible(true);
        jf.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        jf.setBackground(Color.cyan);
        //设置文字JLabel
        JLabel label = new JLabel("欢迎来到狂神说java系列");
        jf.add(label);

        //关闭事件
        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JframeDemo().init();
    }
}

弹窗

package com.tian.Test2;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends Jframe {
    public DialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(700,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        //Jframe放东西 容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);

        //按钮
        JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");//创建
        button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);
        //点击这个按钮的时候，弹出一个弹窗
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //弹窗
                new TanChuangDemo();
            }
        });
        container.add(button);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();
    }
}
//弹窗的窗口
class TanChuangDemo extends JDialog{
    public TanChuangDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        //this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);默认已经有了

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(null);
        Label label = new Label("秦老师带你学java");
        label.setBounds(10,10,100,100);
        container.add(label);


    }
}

Icon,ImageIcon 图标

package com.tian.Test2;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
//图标，需要实现类，frame继承
public class IconDemo extends Jframe implements Icon {
    private int width;
    private int height;

    public IconDemo(){

    }
    public IconDemo(int width,int height){
        this.height=height;
        this.width=width;
    }

    public void init(){
        IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15, 15);
        //图标放在标签，也可以放在按钮上!
        JLabel label = new JLabel("icontest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);
        Container container=getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
            new IconDemo().init();
    }
    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.height;
    }
}

图片

package com.tian.Test2;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class ImageIconDemo extends Jframe {
    public ImageIconDemo(){
        //获取图片的地址
        JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
        URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("bz.PNG");

        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        label.setIcon(imageIcon);
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconDemo();
    }
}

面板

Jpanel

package com.tian.Test2;


import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JpanelDemo extends Jframe {

    public JpanelDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后面两个参数的意思 间距

        JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
        panel.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel.add(new JButton("1"));

        container.add(panel);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
            new JpanelDemo();
    }
}

文本域JScroll

package com.tian.Test2;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends Jframe {
    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //文本域
        Jtextarea textarea = new Jtextarea(20, 50);
        textarea.setText("欢迎学习java");
        //scroller面板
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textarea);
        container.add(scrollPane);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100 ,100,300,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

按钮

package com.tian.Test2;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo01 extends Jframe{
    public JButtonDemo01(){

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        URL url = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("bz.PNG");

        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(url);
        //把这个图标放在按钮上
        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setIcon(icon);
        container.add(button);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo01();
    }
}

单选

package com.tian.Test2;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo02 extends Jframe{

    public JButtonDemo02(){

        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //单选框
        JRadioButton button01 = new JRadioButton("button01");
        JRadioButton button02 = new JRadioButton("button02");
        JRadioButton button03 = new JRadioButton("button03");
        //单选框只能选择一个，分组 一个组只能选择一个
        ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
        group.add(button01);
        group.add(button02);
        group.add(button03);

        container.add(button01,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(button02,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(button03,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

        public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo02();
    }

}

多选

package com.tian.Test2;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JButtonDemo03 extends Jframe{

    public JButtonDemo03(){

        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //多选框
        JCheckBox check01 = new JCheckBox("check01");
        JCheckBox check02 = new JCheckBox("check02");

        container.add(check01,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(check02,BorderLayout.SOUTH);


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

        public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo03();
    }

}

列表

package com.tian.Test2;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Demo06 extends Jframe {
    public Demo06(){

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        JComboBox status = new JComboBox();
        status.addItem(null);
        status.addItem("正在热映");
        status.addItem("已下架");
        status.addItem("即将上映");
        container.add(status);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
            new Demo06();
    }
}

列表框

package com.tian.Test2;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;

public class Demo07 extends Jframe {
    public Demo07(){

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //生成列表中的内容
        //String[] contents={"1","2","3"};
        //列表中需要放入内容

        Vector contents = new Vector();
        JList jList = new JList(contents);

        contents.add("zhangsan");
        contents.add("lisi");
        contents.add("wangwu");

        container.add(jList);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
            new Demo07();
    }
}

应用场景

下拉：选择地区，或者一些单个选项
列表：展示信息，一般是动态扩容！

文本框

package com.tian.Test2;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Demo08 extends Jframe {
    public Demo08(){

        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        JTextField hello = new JTextField("hello");
        JTextField hello1 = new JTextField("world",20);

        container.add(hello,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        container.add(hello1,BorderLayout.NORTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
            new Demo08();
    }
}

密码框

package com.tian.Test2;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Demo09 extends Jframe {
    public Demo09(){

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        
        JPasswordField pwd = new JPasswordField();
        pwd.setEchoChar('*');

        container.add(pwd,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
            new Demo09();
    }
}

文本域

package com.tian.Test2;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends Jframe {
    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //文本域
        Jtextarea textarea = new Jtextarea(20, 50);
        textarea.setText("欢迎学习java");
        //scroller面板
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textarea);
        container.add(scrollPane);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100 ,100,300,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

GUI编程

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