MySQL主从又叫做Replication、AB复制。简单讲就是A和B两台机器做主从后,在A上写数据,另外一台B也会跟着写数据,两者数据实时同步的。
MySQL主从是基于binlog的,主上须开启binlog才能进行主从。
主从过程大致有3个步骤:
1)主将更改操作记录到binlog里
2)从将主的binlog事件(sql语句)同步到从本机上并记录在relaylog里中继日志
3)从根据relaylog里面的sql语句按顺序执行
● 主服务器上有一个log dump线程,用来和从的I/O线程传递binlog;
● 从服务器上有两个线程,其中I/O线程用来同步主的binlog并生成relaylog,另外一个SQL线程用来把relaylog里面的sql语句落地。
使用场景
- 数据的备份。
单纯的读。当主服务器损坏,从服务器可以顶替 - 主从同时被使用
当主的服务器压力过大,从节点也被用来读数据。
准备
两台虚拟机均安装完成二进制免编译MySQL,关闭防火墙
过程 主节点操作.err结尾的文件为错误日志
[root@server ~]# ls -a /data/mysql/ . auto.cnf ib_logfile0 mysql server.err test .. ibdata1 ib_logfile1 performance_schema server.pid
修改配置文件 /etc/my.cnf 确定有log_bin 和server_id
[root@server ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf log_bin=wsw server_id = 41 [root@server ~]# service mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
创建主从用户权限
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@192.168.200.42 identified by '000000'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
刷新权限
mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
查看server节点状态
mysql> show master status ; +------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | wsw.000001 | 410 | | | | +------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)从节点操作
从节点修改配置文件,确保有server_id字段,一般以ip最后一位结尾
[root@client ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf server_id = 42 mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
**创建连接, 主节点信息,bin_log文件名及大小 **
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.200.41',master_user='repl',master_password='000000',master_log_file='wsw.000001',master_log_pos=410; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.04 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show slave statusG; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.200.41 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: wsw.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 410 Relay_Log_File: client-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 277 Relay_Master_Log_File: wsw.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: # 同步那些库 这些配置都是可以写在著配置文件的my.cnf Replicate_Ignore_DB: # 不同步哪些库 Replicate_Do_Table: # 同步哪些表 Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: # 同步哪个库.表 常用 Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: # 忽略哪个库的哪个表 Last_Errno: 0 # 错误信息 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 410 Relay_Log_Space: 451 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 # 线程错误信息 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 41 Master_UUID: 197dfb61-1310-11ec-af29-000c29b5c42c Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified



