Ubuntu 20.04 安装多个版本 php 并应用到 nginx

参考

如何在 Ubuntu 20.04 上安装 PHP

ubuntu20.4安装指定版本php

ubuntu 20.04 直接安装的 php版本是 php7.4 ，总有些php构造的网站还不完全支持高版本，所以，经常会同时安装若干个 php 版本

1. sudo apt update

2. sudo apt install php-fpm

   这个安装的是 php 7.4

   以下再使用 ppa 方式安装一个 php 7.2

1. 安装必要依赖软件
   apt -y install software-properties-common apt-transport-https lsb-release ca-certificates

2. 加入 ppa 源
   add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

    ...
    CAVEATS:
    1. If you are using php-gearman, you need to add ppa:ondrej/pkg-gearman
    2. If you are using apache2, you are advised to add ppa:ondrej/apache2
    3. If you are using nginx, you are advised to add ppa:ondrej/nginx-mainline
       or ppa:ondrej/nginx
    ...
    WARNING: add-apt-repository is broken with non-UTF-8 locales, see
    https://github.com/oerdnj/deb.sury.org/issues/56 for workaround:
    
    # LC_ALL=C.UTF-8 add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
     More info: https://launchpad.net/~ondrej/+archive/ubuntu/php
    Press [ENTER] to continue or Ctrl-c to cancel adding it.
    ...
   

   按照提示，因为我这里使用 nginx

   $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/nginx-mainline

   $ apt update

   $ apt search php7.2

   确认可以找到 php 7.2

3. 开始安装
   sudo apt install php7.2 libapache2-mod-php7.2 php7.2-fpm php7.2-mysql php7.2-curl php7.2-gd php7.2-mbstring php7.2-xml php7.2-xmlrpc php7.2-zip php7.2-opcache php7.2-gmp php7.2-bcmath php7.2-dom

   确认安装信息

   $ php -m

   $ php -v

1. $ which php

    /usr/bin/php
   

2. $ whereis php

    php: /usr/bin/php7.4 /usr/bin/php7.2 /usr/bin/php /usr/lib/php /etc/php /usr/share/php7.2-xmlrpc /usr/share/php7.2-opcache /usr/share/php7.2-gmp /usr/share/php7.2-mysql /usr/share/php7.4-json /usr/share/php7.2-gd /usr/share/php7.4-readline /usr/share/php7.2-common /usr/share/php7.2-curl /usr/share/php /usr/share/php7.2-xml /usr/share/php7.4-common /usr/share/php7.2-mbstring /usr/share/php7.2-zip /usr/share/php7.4-opcache /usr/share/php7.2-readline /usr/share/php7.2-bcmath /usr/share/php7.2-json /usr/share/man/man1/php.1.gz
   

3. $ cd /usr/bin/

   $ ll php*

    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      21 Sep 30 01:52 php -> /etc/alternatives/php*
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5047480 Aug 26 15:55 php7.2*
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4773816 Aug 13 05:39 php7.4*
   

   目前存在 3 个可执行脚本 php7.2 、 php7.4 和 php

4. $ cd /etc/alternatives

   $ ll php*

    rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Sep 30 01:52 php -> /usr/bin/php7.4*
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 Sep 30 01:52 php.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/man1/php7.4.1.gz
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Sep 30 02:11 php-fpm.sock -> /run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock=
   

5. 尝试切换缺省 php 版本

   $ sudo mv php php.old
   $ sudo ln -s /usr/bin/php7.2 php
   $ ll php*

    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Oct  2 01:06 php -> /usr/bin/php7.2*
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 Sep 30 01:52 php.1.gz -> /usr/share/man/man1/php7.4.1.gz
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Sep 30 02:11 php-fpm.sock -> /run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock=
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Sep 30 01:52 php.old -> /usr/bin/php7.4*
   

   感觉没有必要这么折腾！分别使用 php 和 php7.2 ，没有什么障碍！

   $ php -v

    PHP 7.4.3 (cli) (built: Aug 13 2021 05:39:12) ( NTS )
    Copyright (c) The PHP Group
    Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
        with Zend OPcache v7.4.3, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies
   

   $ php7.2 -v

    PHP 7.2.34-24+ubuntu20.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 (cli) (built: Aug 26 2021 15:55:49) ( NTS )
    Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
    Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
        with Zend OPcache v7.2.34-24+ubuntu20.04.1+deb.sury.org+1, Copyright (c) 1999-2018, by Zend Technologies
   

   $ php7.4 -v 同 $ php -v

1. 这里直接修改缺省站点

   cd /etc/nginx/sites-available/

   sudo vim default

        location ~ .php$ {
                include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
        #
        #       # With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):
                fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock;
                # fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
        #       # With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
        #       fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        }
   

2. 重启 nginx 服务生效

   sudo service nginx reload

Ubuntu PPA 使用指南

PPA 软件源 ppa:ondrej/php 在哪里找到的