Map端工作:
(1)对不同来源的数据打上标签,标签就是该数据的来源地;
(2)连接字段作为key,其他部分和标签作为value
Reduce端工作:
(1)在reduce()中将同一个key的一组数据根据数据源字段进行分离
1.数据源
1.订单数据表t_order
id pid amount 1001 01 1 1002 02 2 1003 03 3 1004 01 4 1005 02 5 1006 03 6
商品信息表t_product
pid pname 01 小米 02 华为 03 格力
最终数据形式
id pname amount 1001 小米 1 1004 小米 4 1002 华为 2 1005 华为 5 1003 格力 3 1006 格力 6
2.处理流程
(1)将两张表的所有字段 + 标识标签封装成一个Bean对象
(2)Mapper
1.输入是两张格式化的数据文件,就用默认的FileInputFormat
2.通过切片信息获取文件名
3.mapper类中分别针对两个文件的数据封装成Bean对象,如果没有的属性,给予默认值;合
4.mapper的输出的就是join的key,Bean对象
5.reduce阶段按照
通过将关联条件作为Map输出的key,将两表满足Join条件的数据并携带数据所来源的文件信息,发往同一个ReduceTask,在Reduce中进行数据的串联。
两张表以PID为中间人!PID是map()输出的key!
(1)封装Bean
package com.fantasy.mapreduce.ReduceJoin;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Writable;
import java.io.DataInput;
import java.io.DataOutput;
import java.io.IOException;
public class TableBean implements Writable {
private String id; //订单id
private String pid; //产品id
private int amount; //产品数量
private String pname; //产品名称
private String flag; //判断是order表还是pd表的标志字段
@Override
public String toString() {
return id + "t" + pname + "t" + amount;
}
public TableBean() {
}
@Override
public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
out.writeUTF(id);
out.writeUTF(pid);
out.writeInt(amount);
out.writeUTF(pname);
out.writeUTF(flag);
}
@Override
public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
id = in.readUTF();
pid = in.readUTF();
amount = in.readInt();
pname = in.readUTF();
flag = in.readUTF();
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getPid() {
return pid;
}
public void setPid(String pid) {
this.pid = pid;
}
public int getAmount() {
return amount;
}
public void setAmount(int amount) {
this.amount = amount;
}
public String getPname() {
return pname;
}
public void setPname(String pname) {
this.pname = pname;
}
public String getFlag() {
return flag;
}
public void setFlag(String flag) {
this.flag = flag;
}
}
(2)Mapper
package com.fantasy.mapreduce.ReduceJoin; import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.InputSplit; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileSplit; import java.io.IOException; public class TableMapper extends Mapper{ private String fileName ; private Text outK; private TableBean outV; //Called once at the beginning of the task. @Override protected void setup(Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { //todo 通过切片获取数据源文件路径 FileSplit split = (FileSplit) context.getInputSplit(); //只有fileSplit才有getPath方法 fileName = split.getPath().getName(); } @Override protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { //获取一行 String line = value.toString(); //判断来自哪个文件 if(fileName.contains(("order"))){ //订单表 //id pid amount //1001 01 1 String[] split = line.split("t"); outK.set(split[1]); outV.setId(split[0]); outV.setPid(split[1]); outV.setAmount(Integer.parseInt(split[2])); //没有也要给 给默认值 outV.setPname(""); outV.setFlag("order"); }else{ //商品信息表 //pid pname //01 小米 String[] split = line.split("t"); outK.set(split[0]); outV.setId(""); outV.setPid(split[0]); //没有也要给 给默认值 outV.setAmount(0); outV.setPname(split[1]); outV.setFlag("product"); } context.write(outK,outV); } }
(3) Reducer
package com.fantasy.mapreduce.ReduceJoin; import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils; import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer; import java.io.IOException; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; import java.util.ArrayList; public class TableReducer extends Reducer{ @Override protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable values, Reducer .Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { //todo 1.说明 // 传过来的以pid作为key,value是Bean // 因为order表中有pid会有重复,因此这里用集合存储来自order表的bean对象 // product表中pid是唯一的,所以一个bean对象即可 ArrayList orderBeans = new ArrayList (); TableBean pdBean = new TableBean(); //todo 2.说明 // 如果迭代器中是对象类型,迭代器中存储的是对象的地址 // 如果直接从迭代器中取出元素往集合中添加就是地址,并且会覆盖前面的 // 所以这里要创建一个临时对象,将迭代器元素指向的对象的数据拷贝过来 // BeanUtils是hadoop提供的工具类 for (TableBean value : values) { if("order".equals(value.getFlag())){ TableBean tmpBean = new TableBean(); // try { BeanUtils.copyProperties(tmpBean,value); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } orderBeans.add(tmpBean); }else{ try { BeanUtils.copyProperties(pdBean,value); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } //todo 3.说明 // 遍历集合,进行join for (TableBean orderBean : orderBeans) { //将name设置进去 orderBean.setPname(pdBean.getPname()); context.write(orderBean,NullWritable.get()); } } }
(4)Driver
package com.fantasy.mapreduce.ReduceJoin;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
import java.io.IOException;
public class TableDriver {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
Job job = Job.getInstance(new Configuration());
job.setJarByClass(TableDriver.class);
job.setMapperClass(TableMapper.class);
job.setReducerClass(TableReducer.class);
job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setMapOutputValueClass(TableBean.class);
job.setOutputKeyClass(TableBean.class);
job.setOutputValueClass(NullWritable.class);
FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path("D:\input"));
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path("D:\output"));
boolean b = job.waitForCompletion(true);
System.exit(b ? 0 : 1);
}
}
Reduce Join缺陷
(1)一个MapTask只处理一个切片的数据,计算压力很小;
(2)如果某个key数据量很大,那么很容易造成Reducer端数据倾斜的问题
由于Reduce Join容易造成数据倾斜,可以将join操作放在Map端
分析:
由于FileInputFormat的切片机制是以文件为单位,因此不同文件的数据根本就不会进入一个Mapper中
实现原理:
(1)将文件数据1放在分布式内存中集合中
(2)在用MapTask处理文件数据2的时候,根据key查询集合中的数据,查询到了说明能join上,然后封装成Bean对象
应用场景:
适用于一张大表一张小表;否则内存被表撑爆了
实现步骤:
(1)在Mapper的setup阶段,将文件读取到缓存集合中
(2)在Driver驱动类中,将数据文件加载到MapTask节点的内存中
//1.缓存普通文件到Task运行节点。
job.addCacheFile(new URI("file:///e:/cache/pd.txt"));
//2.如果是集群运行,需要设置HDFS路径
job.addCacheFile(new URI("hdfs://hadoop102:9820/cache/pd.txt"));
(3)Driver类中,将reduce个数设置为0
(1)Driver类
package com.atguigu.mapreduce.mapjoin;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
public class MapJoinDriver {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, URISyntaxException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
Configuration conf = new Configuration();
Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);
job.setJarByClass(MapJoinDriver.class);
job.setMapperClass(MapJoinMapper.class);
job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setMapOutputValueClass(NullWritable.class);
//注意:如果没有Reducer阶段,下面的设置和Mapper输出保持一致
job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setOutputValueClass(NullWritable.class);
// 加载较小的那个数据源到MapTask节点内存中
job.addCacheFile(new URI("file:///D:/input/inputcache/pd.txt"));
// Map端Join的逻辑不需要Reduce阶段,设置reduceTask数量为0
job.setNumReduceTasks(0);
//大表数据存放路径
FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path("D:\input"));
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path("D:\output"));
//提交
boolean b = job.waitForCompletion(true);
System.exit(b ? 0 : 1);
}
}
(2)Driver类
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils; import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataInputStream; import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem; import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path; import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils; import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.URI; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; public class MapJoinMapper extends Mapper{ //存放小表数据,key是jion key private Map pdMap = new HashMap<>(); private Text text = new Text(); //todo 1. 任务开始前将pd数据缓存进pdMap @Override protected void setup(Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { //1.通过缓存文件得到小表数据pd.txt URI[] cacheFiles = context.getCacheFiles(); Path path = new Path(cacheFiles[0]); //2.获取文件系统对象,并开流 FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(context.getConfiguration()); FSDataInputStream fis = fs.open(path); //3.通过包装流转换为BufferedReader,方便按行读取 BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis, "UTF-8")); //逐行读取,按行处理 String line; while (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(line = reader.readLine())) { //切割一行 //pid pname //01 小米 String[] split = line.split("t"); pdMap.put(split[0], split[1]); } //关流 IOUtils.closeStream(reader); } //处理大表数据 @Override protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException { //订单id pid amount //1001 01 1 String[] fields = value.toString().split("t"); //通过大表每行数据的pid,去pdMap里面取出pname String pname = pdMap.get(fields[1]); //将大表每行数据的pid替换为pname text.set(fields[0] + "t" + pname + "t" + fields[2]); //写出 context.write(text,NullWritable.get()); } }



