CentOS7安装Python3

$ yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make 

$ yum install wget

# 以3.7.12版本为例，其它版本可以进官网(https://www.python.org/downloads/source/)获取下载链接
# 建议新建一个文件夹用于存放源码包
$ wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.12/Python-3.7.12.tar.xz

$ tar -xvf Python-3.7.12.tar.xz

$ cd Python-3.7.12

# --enable-optimizations参数可加可不加，优劣看下面的注意事项
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 [--enable-optimizations]

$ make && make install

注意：关于--enable-optimizations参数，加上会导致make很慢，但后面系统在执行Python代码时会有一定的性能提升，详情请参考：What does --enable-optimizations do while compiling Python?

$ ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3
$ ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.7 /usr/bin/pip3

$ python3 -V
Python 3.7.12

$ pip3 -V
pip 20.1.1 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)