Promise链式调用原理

虽然 then 普遍认为是微任务。但是浏览器没办法模拟微任务，目前要么用 setImmediate ，这个也是宏任务，且不兼容的情况下还是用 setTimeout 打底的。还有，promise 的 polyfill (es6-promise) 里用的也是 setTimeout。因此这里就直接用 setTimeout,以宏任务来代替微任务了。

Promise 源码不过几百行，我们可以从执行结果出发，分析每一步的执行过程，然后思考其作用即可。其中最关键的点就是要理解 then 函数是负责注册回调的，真正的执行是在 Promise 的状态被改变之后。而当 resolve 的入参是一个 Promise 时，要想链式调用起来，就必须调用其 then 方法(then.call),将上一个 Promise 的 resolve 方法注入其回调数组中。

• PromiseA+规范
• Promise 实现原理精解
• 30分钟，让你彻底明白Promise原理

function Promise(fn) {
  let state = 'pending'
  let value = null
  const callbacks = []

  this.then = function (onFulfilled, onRejected) {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      handle({
 onFulfilled,
 onRejected,
 resolve,
 reject,
      })
    })
  }

  this.catch = function (onError) {
    this.then(null, onError)
  }

  this.finally = function (onDone) {
    this.then(onDone, onError)
  }

  this.resolve = function (value) {
    if (value && value instanceof Promise) {
      return value
    } if (value && typeof value === 'object' && typeof value.then === 'function') {
      const { then } = value
      return new Promise((resolve) => {
 then(resolve)
      })
    } if (value) {
      return new Promise(resolve => resolve(value))
    }
    return new Promise(resolve => resolve())
  }

  this.reject = function (value) {
    return new Promise(((resolve, reject) => {
      reject(value)
    }))
  }

  this.all = function (arr) {
    const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arr)
    return new Promise(((resolve, reject) => {
      if (args.length === 0) return resolve([])
      let remaining = args.length

      function res(i, val) {
 try {
   if (val && (typeof val === 'object' || typeof val === 'function')) {
     const { then } = val
     if (typeof then === 'function') {
then.call(val, (val) => {
  res(i, val)
}, reject)
return
     }
   }
   args[i] = val
   if (--remaining === 0) {
     resolve(args)
   }
 } catch (ex) {
   reject(ex)
 }
      }
      for (let i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
 res(i, args[i])
      }
    }))
  }

  this.race = function (values) {
    return new Promise(((resolve, reject) => {
      for (let i = 0, len = values.length; i < len; i++) {
 values[i].then(resolve, reject)
      }
    }))
  }

  function handle(callback) {
    if (state === 'pending') {
      callbacks.push(callback)
      return
    }

    const cb = state === 'fulfilled' ? callback.onFulfilled : callback.onRejected
    const next = state === 'fulfilled' ? callback.resolve : callback.reject

    if (!cb) {
      next(value)
      return
    }
    try {
      const ret = cb(value)
      next(ret)
    } catch (e) {
      callback.reject(e)
    }
  }
  function resolve(newValue) {
    const fn = () => {
      if (state !== 'pending') return

      if (newValue && (typeof newValue === 'object' || typeof newValue === 'function')) {
 const { then } = newValue
 if (typeof then === 'function') {
   // newValue 为新产生的 Promise,此时resolve为上个 promise 的resolve
   // 相当于调用了新产生 Promise 的then方法，注入了上个 promise 的resolve 为其回调
   then.call(newValue, resolve, reject)
   return
 }
      }
      state = 'fulfilled'
      value = newValue
      handelCb()
    }

    setTimeout(fn, 0)
  }
  function reject(error) {
    const fn = () => {
      if (state !== 'pending') return

      if (error && (typeof error === 'object' || typeof error === 'function')) {
 const { then } = error
 if (typeof then === 'function') {
   then.call(error, resolve, reject)
   return
 }
      }
      state = 'rejected'
      value = error
      handelCb()
    }
    setTimeout(fn, 0)
  }
  function handelCb() {
    while (callbacks.length) {
      const fn = callbacks.shift()
      handle(fn)
    }
  }
  fn(resolve, reject)
}