慕课网《Spring Boot 发送邮件》学习总结
- 时间：2018年09月08日星期六
- 说明：本文部分内容均来自慕课网。@慕课网：https://www.imooc.com
- 教学源码：https://github.com/ityouknow/spring-boot-examples/tree/master/spring-boot-mail
- 学习源码：https://github.com/zccodere/study-imooc
第一章：背景简介
1-1 课程介绍
第一部分：背景
- 邮件使用场景
- 邮件发送原理
- Spring Boot介绍
- 前置知识
第二部分：实践
- 发送文本邮件
- 发送html邮件
- 发送附件邮件
- 发送带图片的邮件
- 邮件模版
- 邮件系统
1-2 基础知识
邮件使用场景
- 注册验证
- 网站营销
- 找回密码
- 监控告警
- 触发机制
邮件发送原理
- 邮件传输协议：SMTP协议和POP3协议
- 内容不断发展：IMAP协议和Mime协议
邮件发送流程
Spring Boot介绍
- 约定大于配置
- 简单快速开发
- 强大的生态链
前置知识
- 会使用Spring进行开发
- 对Spring Boot有一定的了解
- 会使用Maven构建项目
- 使用html和Thymeleaf模版技术
- 理解邮件发送的基础知识
第二章：实践开发
2-1 项目搭建
开发流程
- 基础配置
- 文本邮件
- html邮件
- 附件邮件
- 图片邮件
- 模版邮件
Hello World项目
- 构建工具：start.spring.io
- 基础配置
- 编写Hello World
- 进行测试
创建名为48-boot-mail-hello的maven工程pom如下
48-boot-mail com.myimooc 1.0-SNAPSHOT 4.0.0 48-boot-mail-hello2.0.4.RELEASE org.springframework.boot spring-boot-parent${spring.boot.version} pom import org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starterorg.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-weborg.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-testtest org.springframework.boot spring-boot-maven-plugin
1.编写HelloService类
package com.myimooc.boot.mail.hello.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class HelloService {
public void sayHello(){
System.out.println("Hello World");
}
}
2.编写HelloApplication类
package com.myimooc.boot.mail.hello;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HelloApplication.class, args);
}
}
3.编写HelloServiceTest类
package com.myimooc.boot.mail.hello.service;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class HelloServiceTest {
@Autowired
private HelloService helloService;
@Test
public void sayHelloTest() {
this.helloService.sayHello();
}
}
2-2 发送邮件
简单文本邮件
- 引入相关jar包
- 配置邮箱参数
- 封装SimpleMailMessage
- JavaMailSender进行发送
创建名为48-boot-mail-mail的maven工程pom如下
48-boot-mail com.myimooc 1.0-SNAPSHOT 4.0.0 48-boot-mail-mail2.0.4.RELEASE org.springframework.boot spring-boot-parent${spring.boot.version} pom import org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starterorg.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-weborg.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-mailorg.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-thymeleaforg.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-testtest org.springframework.boot spring-boot-maven-plugin
1.编写MailApplication类
package com.myimooc.boot.mail.mail;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class MailApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MailApplication.class, args);
}
}
2.编写application.properties
#----------邮件发送配置 # 邮件发送协议 spring.mail.host=smtp.163.com # 用户名 spring.mail.username=zccodere@163.com # 授权码，并非登录密码 spring.mail.password=yourpassword # 默认编码 spring.mail.default-encoding=UTF-8
3.编写MailService类
package com.myimooc.boot.mail.mail.service;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.thymeleaf.standard.expression.Messageexpression;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.io.File;
@Service
public class MailService {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
@Value("${spring.mail.username}")
private String from;
@Autowired
private JavaMailSender mailSender;
public void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String content) {
SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
message.setTo(to);
message.setSubject(subject);
message.setText(content);
message.setFrom(from);
this.mailSender.send(message);
}
public void sendHtmlMail(String to, String subject, String content) throws Exception {
MimeMessage message = this.mailSender.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
helper.setTo(to);
helper.setSubject(subject);
helper.setText(content, true);
helper.setFrom(from);
this.mailSender.send(message);
}
public void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, String content, String[] filePaths) throws Exception {
MimeMessage message = this.mailSender.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
helper.setTo(to);
helper.setSubject(subject);
helper.setText(content, true);
FileSystemResource file;
for (String filePath : filePaths) {
file = new FileSystemResource(new File(filePath));
String fileName = file.getFilename();
helper.addAttachment(fileName, file);
}
helper.setFrom(from);
this.mailSender.send(message);
}
public void sendInlineResourceMail(String to, String subject, String content, String rscPath, String rscId) {
logger.info("发送图片邮件开始：{}，{}，{}，{}，{}", to, subject, content, rscPath, rscId);
MimeMessage message = this.mailSender.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper;
try {
helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
helper.setTo(to);
helper.setSubject(subject);
helper.setText(content, true);
FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File(rscPath));
helper.addInline(rscId, file);
helper.setFrom(from);
this.mailSender.send(message);
logger.info("发送图片邮件成功！");
} catch (MessagingException ex) {
logger.error("发送图片邮件异常：{}", ex);
}
}
}
4.编写emailTemplate.html
邮件模版
你好，感谢您的注册，这是一封验证邮件，请点击下面的链接完成注册，感谢你你的支持！
激活账号
5.编写MailServiceTest类
package com.myimooc.boot.mail.mail.service;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.context.Context;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class MailServiceTest {
private static final String TO = "zccodere@163.com";
@Autowired
private MailService mailService;
@Test
public void sendSimpleMail() {
this.mailService.sendSimpleMail(TO, "这是第一封邮件", "大家好，这是我的第一封邮件");
}
@Test
public void sendHtmlMail() throws Exception {
StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder(128);
content.append("");
content.append("
");
content.append(" Hello World！这是一封Html邮件
");
content.append("
");
content.append("");
this.mailService.sendHtmlMail(TO, "这是一封html邮件", content.toString());
}
@Test
public void sendAttachmentsMail() throws Exception {
String filePath = "d:48-boot-mail-hello.zip";
this.mailService.sendAttachmentsMail(TO, "这是一封带附件的邮件", "这是一封带附件的邮件内容", new String[]{filePath});
}
@Test
public void sendInlineResourceMail() {
String rscPath = "d:thumb.jpg";
String rscId = "img001";
StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder(128);
content.append("");
content.append("
");
content.append(" 这是有图片的邮件
");
content.append("
");
content.append("
");
content.append("
");
content.append("");
this.mailService.sendInlineResourceMail(TO, "这是一封带图片的邮件", content.toString(), rscPath, rscId);
}
@Autowired
private TemplateEngine templateEngine;
@Test
public void sendTemplateMail() throws Exception {
Context context = new Context();
context.setVariable("id", "006");
String emailContent = this.templateEngine.process("emailTemplate", context);
this.mailService.sendHtmlMail(TO, "这是一封模版邮件", emailContent);
}
}
2-3 课程总结
常见错误
- 421 HL:ICC 该IP同时并发连接数过大
- 451 Requested mail action not token:too much fail… 登录失败次数过多，被临时禁止登录
- 553 authentication is required 认证失败
邮件系统
- 独立微服务
- 异常处理
- 定时重试
- 异步邮件
