spring cloud 为开发人员提供了快速构建分布式系统的一些工具，包括配置管理、服务发现、断路器、路由、微代理、事件总线、全局锁、决策竞选、分布式会话等等。它运行环境简单，可以在开发人员的电脑上跑。另外说明spring cloud是基于springboot的，所以需要开发中对springboot有一定的了解，如果不了解的话可以看这篇文章：2小时学会springboot。另外对于“微服务架构” 不了解的话，可以通过搜索引擎搜索“微服务架构”了解下。
在之前的所有Spring Boot相关博文中，都会涉及Spring Boot工程的创建。而创建的方式多种多样，这里，我们可以通过Maven来手工构建或是通过脚手架等方式快速搭建。
本文我们将介绍嵌入的Intellij中的maven工具，来快速的构建出一个基础的Spring Cloud工程。
创建工程第一步： 菜单栏中选择File=>New=>Project..，我们可以看到如下图所示的创建功能窗口。然后，我们选择maven。
第二步： 点击Next，等待片刻后，我们可以看到如下图所示的工程信息窗口，在这里我们可以编辑我们想要创建的工程信息。其中，GroupId是工程的分组id，ArtifactId是模块分组id，Version是当前的版本。GroupId、ArtifactId、Version组合在一起形成一个模块的坐标
第三步： 点击Next，进入最后关于工程物理存储的一些细节。最后，点击Finish就能完成工程的构建了。
工程构建完成
加入pom坐标
4.0.0
cn.zhangbox
spring-cloud-study
1.0-SNAPSHOT
cn.zhangbox.cloud.demo
cloud-demo
1.0-SNAPSHOT
UTF-8
1.8
org.springframework.cloud
spring-cloud-starter-eureka
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-web
org.springframework.cloud
spring-cloud-dependencies
Dalston.SR1
pom
import
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-maven-plugin
#工程名称
spring:
application:
name: cloud-demo
#选择哪一个环境的配置
#这里可以在每个环境配置redis，数据库（mysql），消息（kafka）等相关的组件的配置
profiles:
active: dev
#配置eureka获取服务地址，这里使用的是程序员DD公开的eureka注册中心，感谢程序员DD提供的注册中心
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://eureka.didispace.com/eureka/
#文档块区分为三个---
---
server:
port: 8081
spring:
profiles: dev
#日志
logging:
config: classpath:log/logback.xml
path: log/cloud-demo
#文档块区分为三个---
---
server:
port: 8082
spring:
profiles: test
#日志
logging:
config: classpath:log/logback.xml
path: usr/cloud-demo/log/cloud-demo
#文档块区分为三个---
---
server:
port: 8083
spring:
profiles: prod
#日志
logging:
config: classpath:log/logback.xml
path: usr/cloud-demo/log/cloud-demo
在工程resources文件夹下新建文件夹log，并在该文件夹下创建logback.xml文件,加入以下配置：
${CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN}
UTF-8
debug
${LOG_PATH}/log_debug.log
%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n
UTF-8
${LOG_PATH}/debug/log-debug-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log
500MB
30
debug
ACCEPT
DENY
${LOG_PATH}/log_info.log
%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n
UTF-8
${LOG_PATH}/info/log-info-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log
500MB
30
info
ACCEPT
DENY
${LOG_PATH}/log_warn.log
%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n
UTF-8
${LOG_PATH}/warn/log-warn-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log
500MB
30
warn
ACCEPT
DENY
${LOG_PATH}/log_error.log
%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n
UTF-8
${LOG_PATH}/error/log-error-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log
500MB
30
error
ACCEPT
DENY
在工程java代码目录下创建controller的目录在下面创建DcController类用来测试服务是否已经注册到eureka并加入以下代码:
@RestController
public class DcController {
@Autowired
DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
@GetMapping("/dc")
public String dc() {
String services = "Services: " + discoveryClient.getServices();
System.out.println(services);
return services;
}
}
@EnableDiscoveryClient //使用该注解将注册服务到eureka
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringCloudDemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new SpringApplicationBuilder(
SpringCloudDemoApplication.class).web(true).run(args);
}
}
"C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151binjava" -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,address=127.0.0.1:51282,suspend=y,server=n -XX:TieredStopAtLevel=1 -noverify -Dspring.output.ansi.enabled=always -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=51281 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false -Dspring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain -Dspring.application.admin.enabled=true -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibcharsets.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibdeploy.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibextaccess-bridge-64.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibextcldrdata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibextdnsns.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibextjaccess.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibextjfxrt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibextlocaledata.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibextnashorn.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibextsunec.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibextsunjce_provider.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibextsunmscapi.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibextsunpkcs11.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibextzipfs.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibjavaws.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibjce.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibjfr.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibjfxswt.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibjsse.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibmanagement-agent.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibplugin.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibresources.jar;C:Program FilesJavajdk1.8.0_151jrelibrt.jar;C:UsersAdministratorDesktopmanagespring-cloud-studycloud-demotargetclasses;D:开发工具
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epositoryorgspringframeworkspring-expression4.3.8.RELEASEspring-expression-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar;C:Program FilesJetBrainsIntelliJ IDEA 2017.2.6libidea_rt.jar" cn.zhangbox.cloud.SpringCloudDemoApplication
Connected to the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:51282', transport: 'socket'
2018-07-13 17:13:30.459 INFO 8104 --- [ main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@4416d64f: startup date [Fri Jul 13 17:13:30 GMT+08:00 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-07-13 17:13:30.983 INFO 8104 --- [ main] f.a.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor : JSR-330 'javax.inject.Inject' annotation found and supported for autowiring
2018-07-13 17:13:31.057 INFO 8104 --- [ main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'configurationPropertiesRebinderAutoConfiguration' of type [org.springframework.cloud.autoconfigure.ConfigurationPropertiesRebinderAutoConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$52bfc5ff] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _
( ( )___ | '_ | '_| | '_ / _` |
\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |___, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v1.5.3.RELEASE)
2018-07-13 17:13:31.835 INFO 8104 --- [ main] c.z.cloud.SpringCloudDemoApplication : The following profiles are active: dev
2018-07-13 17:13:31.850 INFO 8104 --- [ main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@160396db: startup date [Fri Jul 13 17:13:31 GMT+08:00 2018]; parent: org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@4416d64f
2018-07-13 17:13:32.470 INFO 8104 --- [ main] o.s.cloud.context.scope.GenericScope : BeanFactory id=61cde5fe-b448-3350-a5e4-3ab1b78398ff
2018-07-13 17:13:32.489 INFO 8104 --- [ main] f.a.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor : JSR-330 'javax.inject.Inject' annotation found and supported for autowiring
2018-07-13 17:13:32.553 INFO 8104 --- [ main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.cloud.autoconfigure.ConfigurationPropertiesRebinderAutoConfiguration' of type [org.springframework.cloud.autoconfigure.ConfigurationPropertiesRebinderAutoConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$52bfc5ff] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)
2018-07-13 17:13:33.018 INFO 8104 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8081 (http)
2018-07-13 17:13:33.032 INFO 8104 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service Tomcat
2018-07-13 17:13:33.034 INFO 8104 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.14
2018-07-13 17:13:33.199 INFO 8104 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]: Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2018-07-13 17:13:33.199 INFO 8104 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1349 ms
2018-07-13 17:13:33.345 INFO 8104 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
2018-07-13 17:13:33.350 INFO 8104 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-07-13 17:13:34.555 WARN 8104 --- [ main] c.n.c.sources.URLConfigurationSource : No URLs will be polled as dynamic configuration sources.
2018-07-13 17:13:34.555 INFO 8104 --- [ main] c.n.c.sources.URLConfigurationSource : To enable URLs as dynamic configuration sources, define System property archaius.configurationSource.additionalUrls or make config.properties available on classpath.
2018-07-13 17:13:34.561 WARN 8104 --- [ main] c.n.c.sources.URLConfigurationSource : No URLs will be polled as dynamic configuration sources.
2018-07-13 17:13:34.561 INFO 8104 --- [ main] c.n.c.sources.URLConfigurationSource : To enable URLs as dynamic configuration sources, define System property archaius.configurationSource.additionalUrls or make config.properties available on classpath.
2018-07-13 17:13:34.697 INFO 8104 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2018-07-13 17:13:34.707 INFO 8104 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Bean with name 'environmentManager' has been autodetected for JMX exposure
2018-07-13 17:13:34.708 INFO 8104 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Bean with name 'configurationPropertiesRebinder' has been autodetected for JMX exposure
2018-07-13 17:13:34.709 INFO 8104 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Bean with name 'refreshScope' has been autodetected for JMX exposure
2018-07-13 17:13:34.711 INFO 8104 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Located managed bean 'environmentManager': registering with JMX server as MBean [org.springframework.cloud.context.environment:name=environmentManager,type=EnvironmentManager]
2018-07-13 17:13:34.726 INFO 8104 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Located managed bean 'refreshScope': registering with JMX server as MBean [org.springframework.cloud.context.scope.refresh:name=refreshScope,type=RefreshScope]
2018-07-13 17:13:34.739 INFO 8104 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Located managed bean 'configurationPropertiesRebinder': registering with JMX server as MBean [org.springframework.cloud.context.properties:name=configurationPropertiesRebinder,context=160396db,type=ConfigurationPropertiesRebinder]
2018-07-13 17:13:34.881 INFO 8104 --- [ main] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Starting beans in phase 0
2018-07-13 17:13:34.890 INFO 8104 --- [ main] o.s.c.n.eureka.InstanceInfoFactory: Setting initial instance status as: STARTING
2018-07-13 17:13:35.012 INFO 8104 --- [ main] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient : Initializing Eureka in region us-east-1
2018-07-13 17:13:35.418 INFO 8104 --- [ main] c.n.d.provider.DiscoveryJerseyProvider : Using JSON encoding codec LegacyJacksonJson
2018-07-13 17:13:35.418 INFO 8104 --- [ main] c.n.d.provider.DiscoveryJerseyProvider : Using JSON decoding codec LegacyJacksonJson
2018-07-13 17:13:35.554 INFO 8104 --- [ main] c.n.d.provider.DiscoveryJerseyProvider : Using XML encoding codec XStreamXml
2018-07-13 17:13:35.554 INFO 8104 --- [ main] c.n.d.provider.DiscoveryJerseyProvider : Using XML decoding codec XStreamXml
2018-07-13 17:13:35.935 INFO 8104 --- [ main] c.n.d.s.r.aws.ConfigClusterResolver : Resolving eureka endpoints via configuration
2018-07-13 17:13:36.021 INFO 8104 --- [ main] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient : Disable delta property : false
2018-07-13 17:13:36.022 INFO 8104 --- [ main] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient : Single vip registry refresh property : null
2018-07-13 17:13:36.022 INFO 8104 --- [ main] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient : Force full registry fetch : false
2018-07-13 17:13:36.022 INFO 8104 --- [ main] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient : Application is null : false
2018-07-13 17:13:36.022 INFO 8104 --- [ main] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient : Registered Applications size is zero : true
2018-07-13 17:13:36.023 INFO 8104 --- [ main] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient : Application version is -1: true
2018-07-13 17:13:36.023 INFO 8104 --- [ main] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient : Getting all instance registry info from the eureka server
2018-07-13 17:13:36.260 INFO 8104 --- [ main] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient : The response status is 200
2018-07-13 17:13:36.262 INFO 8104 --- [ main] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient : Starting heartbeat executor: renew interval is: 30
2018-07-13 17:13:36.266 INFO 8104 --- [ main] c.n.discovery.InstanceInfoReplicator : InstanceInfoReplicator onDemand update allowed rate per min is 4
2018-07-13 17:13:36.269 INFO 8104 --- [ main] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient : Discovery Client initialized at timestamp 1531473216269 with initial instances count: 26
2018-07-13 17:13:36.288 INFO 8104 --- [ main] o.s.c.n.e.s.EurekaServiceRegistry : Registering application cloud-demo with eureka with status UP
2018-07-13 17:13:36.289 INFO 8104 --- [ main] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient : Saw local status change event StatusChangeEvent [timestamp=1531473216289, current=UP, previous=STARTING]
2018-07-13 17:13:36.291 INFO 8104 --- [nfoReplicator-0] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient : DiscoveryClient_CLOUD-DEMO/windows10.microdone.cn:cloud-demo:8081: registering service...
2018-07-13 17:13:36.342 INFO 8104 --- [nfoReplicator-0] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient : DiscoveryClient_CLOUD-DEMO/windows10.microdone.cn:cloud-demo:8081 - registration status: 204
2018-07-13 17:13:36.360 INFO 8104 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8081 (http)
2018-07-13 17:13:36.360 INFO 8104 --- [ main] .s.c.n.e.s.EurekaAutoServiceRegistration : Updating port to 8081
2018-07-13 17:13:36.364 INFO 8104 --- [ main] c.z.cloud.SpringCloudDemoApplication : Started SpringCloudDemoApplication in 6.85 seconds (JVM running for 8.116)
2018-07-13 17:13:45.808 INFO 8104 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]: Initializing Spring frameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2018-07-13 17:13:45.809 INFO 8104 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : frameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization started
2018-07-13 17:13:45.838 INFO 8104 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : frameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization completed in 29 ms
Services: [zcs-apps-gateway, mystore-user-jwt, eureka-feign-client, scca-server-all-in-one, oms-system, zcs-apps-config, apollo-adminservice, staryun-product, tm-web, gateway-server, config-server, apollo-configservice, base-service, hd-cloud-boss, wm-svr-gateway, tm-admin, gzepro-manage-service, cva, zcs-jzsy-ops-new, x-cbiz, hd-config-server, wm-app-basicmanager, cloud-demo, wm-app-authserver, service-configuration, api-gateway]
浏览器输入地址：
http://eureka.didispace.com/
看到服务已经成功注册。
当然，我们也可以通过直接访问eureka-client服务提供的/dc接口来获取当前的服务清单，只需要访问：http://localhost:2001/dc，我们可以得到如下输出返回：
Services: [zcs-apps-gateway, mystore-user-jwt, eureka-feign-client, scca-server-all-in-one, oms-system, zcs-apps-config, apollo-adminservice, staryun-product, tm-web, gateway-server, config-server, apollo-configservice, base-service, hd-cloud-boss, wm-svr-gateway, tm-admin, gzepro-manage-service, cva, zcs-jzsy-ops-new, x-cbiz, hd-config-server, wm-app-basicmanager, cloud-demo, wm-app-authserver, service-configuration, api-gateway]
可以看到cloud-demo包含在里面。至此maven快速构建cloud项目并启动测试已全部完成。
写在最后欢迎关注、喜欢、和点赞后续将推出更多的spring cloud教程，敬请期待。
源码地址：SpringCloud使用Intellij中的maven来快速构建Spring Cloud工程
