很早以前看过一句话：“XML就象空气”，在企业应用开发中XML是一个重要的数据交换标准。而XSD则可以用来校验XML的数据格式是否正确。
一个典型的XSD文件如下：
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看到这一大段xml，第一反应通常是头晕，幸好这些内容不用纯手动编写，已经有很多现成的工具，比如XmlSpy可以方便的以GUI方式，通过轻点鼠标，拖拖拉拉就能完成XSD的开发。
这是XmlSpy中XSD的可视化设计界面，还能切换不同的视图，比如下面这样:
对于首次接触XmlSpy的朋友，强烈推荐看下安装目录下的Tutorial.pdf，这是一个不错的入门教程，30分钟以前绝对可以快速浏览一遍。
C#中可以方便的使用XSD来验证xml文件的正确性，示例代码如下：
1 using System;
2 using System.Xml;
3
4 namespace XsdValidate
5 {
6 class Program
7 {
8 static void Main(string[] args)
9 {
10 string xmlFile = @"C:Usersjimmy.yangDesktopXMLSPYTESTsample.xml";
11 string xsdFile = @"C:Usersjimmy.yangDesktopXMLSPYTESTsample.xsd";
12
13 var xsdValidateResult = ValidateXml(xmlFile, xsdFile);
14
15 if (xsdValidateResult.Item1)
16 {
17 Console.WriteLine("校验通过！");
18 }
19 else
20 {
21 Console.WriteLine("校验失败，原因:n" + xsdValidateResult.Item2);
22 }
23 Console.Read();
24
25 }
26
27 ///
28 /// 使用xsd验证xml是否正确
29 ///
30 /// xml文件路径
31 /// xsd文件路径
32 ///
33 static Tuple
34 {
35 Tuple
36 XmlReaderSettings st = new XmlReaderSettings();
37 st.ValidationType = ValidationType.Schema;
38 st.Schemas.Add(null, xsdFilePath);
39
40 //设置验证xml出错时的事件。
41 st.ValidationEventHandler += (obj, e) =>
42 {
43 result = new Tuple
44 };
45
46 XmlReader xr = XmlReader.Create(xmlFilePath, st);
47 while (xr.Read())
48 {
49 if (xr.IsStartElement())
50 {
51 xr.Read();
52 }
53 }
54 xr.Close();
55 return result;
56 }
57 }
58 }
注意：如果节点采用pattern，即正则表达式验证，比如
XMLSpy中，该节点必须填写"^12345678$"才能验证通过，而如果用.NET/JAVA写代码验证的话，^、$能自动识别为"匹配字符开头/结尾"
XSD还能方便的生成c#类，有二种方法：
1、XMLSpy里先打开一个XSD文件，然后 DTD/Schema->Generate Program Code，接下来按提示操作即可
注：XMLSpy生成的c#类太过于复杂，我个人觉得有点啰嗦
2、直接使用vs.net自带的xsd命令
vs.net命令行下，输入
xsd "xsd文件所在的路径" /classes /out:"cs文件的输出目录"
即可生成对应的cs类 ，文中最开头的xsd生成的cs类代码如下：
1 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 //
3 // This code was generated by a tool.
4 // Runtime Version:4.0.30319.18331
5 //
6 // Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
7 // the code is regenerated.
8 //
9 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10
11 using System.Xml.Serialization;
12
13 //
14 // This source code was auto-generated by xsd, Version=4.0.30319.1.
15 //
16
17
18 ///
19 [System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("xsd", "4.0.30319.1")]
20 [System.SerializableAttribute()]
21 [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute()]
22 [System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
23 [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType=true)]
24 [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlRootAttribute(Namespace="", IsNullable=false)]
25 public partial class AWB {
26
27 private AWBAWBINFO aWBINFOField;
28
29 private AWBPARTICIPANT[] pARTINFOField;
30
31 ///
32 [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlElementAttribute("AWB-INFO")]
33 public AWBAWBINFO AWBINFO {
34 get {
35 return this.aWBINFOField;
36 }
37 set {
38 this.aWBINFOField = value;
39 }
40 }
41
42 ///
43 [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlArrayAttribute("PART-INFO")]
44 [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlArrayItemAttribute("PARTICIPANT", IsNullable=false)]
45 public AWBPARTICIPANT[] PARTINFO {
46 get {
47 return this.pARTINFOField;
48 }
49 set {
50 this.pARTINFOField = value;
51 }
52 }
53 }
54
55 ///
56 [System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("xsd", "4.0.30319.1")]
57 [System.SerializableAttribute()]
58 [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute()]
59 [System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
60 [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType=true)]
61 public partial class AWBAWBINFO {
62
63 private string aWBPREField;
64
65 private string aWBNOField;
66
67 ///
68 [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlElementAttribute(DataType="positiveInteger")]
69 public string AWBPRE {
70 get {
71 return this.aWBPREField;
72 }
73 set {
74 this.aWBPREField = value;
75 }
76 }
77
78 ///
79 [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlElementAttribute(DataType="positiveInteger")]
80 public string AWBNO {
81 get {
82 return this.aWBNOField;
83 }
84 set {
85 this.aWBNOField = value;
86 }
87 }
88 }
89
90 ///
91 [System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("xsd", "4.0.30319.1")]
92 [System.SerializableAttribute()]
93 [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute()]
94 [System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
95 public partial class AddressType {
96
97 private string nameField;
98
99 private string streetField;
100
101 private string cityField;
102
103 ///
104 public string Name {
105 get {
106 return this.nameField;
107 }
108 set {
109 this.nameField = value;
110 }
111 }
112
113 ///
114 public string Street {
115 get {
116 return this.streetField;
117 }
118 set {
119 this.streetField = value;
120 }
121 }
122
123 ///
124 public string City {
125 get {
126 return this.cityField;
127 }
128 set {
129 this.cityField = value;
130 }
131 }
132 }
133
134 ///
135 [System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("xsd", "4.0.30319.1")]
136 [System.SerializableAttribute()]
137 [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute()]
138 [System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
139 [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType=true)]
140 public partial class AWBPARTICIPANT {
141
142 private AWBPARTICIPANTTYPE tYPEField;
143
144 private AddressType aDDRESSField;
145
146 ///
147 public AWBPARTICIPANTTYPE TYPE {
148 get {
149 return this.tYPEField;
150 }
151 set {
152 this.tYPEField = value;
153 }
154 }
155
156 ///
157 public AddressType ADDRESS {
158 get {
159 return this.aDDRESSField;
160 }
161 set {
162 this.aDDRESSField = value;
163 }
164 }
165 }
166
167 ///
168 [System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("xsd", "4.0.30319.1")]
169 [System.SerializableAttribute()]
170 [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType=true)]
171 public enum AWBPARTICIPANTTYPE {
172
173 ///
174 C,
175
176 ///
177 S,
178
179 ///
180 A,
181 }
xsd命令还能直接根据xml生成xsd文件，使用方法如下：
xsd c:sampe.xml /out:c:
这样会根据sample.xml在c:生成sample.xsd文件
