C#公钥加密/Nodejs私钥解密

生成密钥的方式见： Nodejs 使用RSA加密/解密

C#.NET使用公钥进行加密

创建两个辅助类

第一个：RSAExtensions

	public static class RSAExtensions
    {
 /// Extension method for initializing a RSACryptoServiceProvider from PEM data string.

 #region Methods

 /// Extension method which initializes an RSACryptoServiceProvider from a DER public key blob.
 public static void LoadPublicKeyDER(this RSACryptoServiceProvider provider, byte[] DERData)
 {
     byte[] RSAData = GetRSAFromDER(DERData);
     byte[] publicKeyBlob = GetPublicKeyBlobFromRSA(RSAData);
     provider.importCspBlob(publicKeyBlob);
 }

 /// Extension method which initializes an RSACryptoServiceProvider from a DER private key blob.
 public static void LoadPrivateKeyDER(this RSACryptoServiceProvider provider, byte[] DERData)
 {
     byte[] privateKeyBlob = GetPrivateKeyDER(DERData);
     provider.importCspBlob(privateKeyBlob);
 }

 /// Extension method which initializes an RSACryptoServiceProvider from a PEM public key string.
 public static void LoadPublicKeyPEM(this RSACryptoServiceProvider provider, string sPEM)
 {
     byte[] DERData = GetDERFromPEM(sPEM);
     LoadPublicKeyDER(provider, DERData);
 }

 /// Extension method which initializes an RSACryptoServiceProvider from a PEM private key string.
 public static void LoadPrivateKeyPEM(this RSACryptoServiceProvider provider, string sPEM)
 {
     byte[] DERData = GetDERFromPEM(sPEM);
     LoadPrivateKeyDER(provider, DERData);
 }

 /// Returns a public key blob from an RSA public key.
 internal static byte[] GetPublicKeyBlobFromRSA(byte[] RSAData)
 {
     byte[] data = null;
     UInt32 dwCertPublicKeyBlobSize = 0;
     if (CryptDecodeObject(CRYPT_ENCODING_FLAGS.X509_ASN_ENCODING | CRYPT_ENCODING_FLAGS.PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING,
  new IntPtr((int)CRYPT_OUTPUT_TYPES.RSA_CSP_PUBLICKEYBLOB), RSAData, (UInt32)RSAData.Length, CRYPT_DECODE_FLAGS.NONE,
  data, ref dwCertPublicKeyBlobSize))
     {
  data = new byte[dwCertPublicKeyBlobSize];
  if (!CryptDecodeObject(CRYPT_ENCODING_FLAGS.X509_ASN_ENCODING | CRYPT_ENCODING_FLAGS.PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING,
      new IntPtr((int)CRYPT_OUTPUT_TYPES.RSA_CSP_PUBLICKEYBLOB), RSAData, (UInt32)RSAData.Length, CRYPT_DECODE_FLAGS.NONE,
      data, ref dwCertPublicKeyBlobSize))
      throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
     }
     else
  throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
     return data;
 }

 /// Converts DER binary format to a CAPI CRYPT_PRIVATE_KEY_INFO structure.
 internal static byte[] GetPrivateKeyDER(byte[] DERData)
 {
     byte[] data = null;
     UInt32 dwRSAPrivateKeyBlobSize = 0;
     IntPtr pRSAPrivateKeyBlob = IntPtr.Zero;
     if (CryptDecodeObject(CRYPT_ENCODING_FLAGS.X509_ASN_ENCODING | CRYPT_ENCODING_FLAGS.PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING, new IntPtr((int)CRYPT_OUTPUT_TYPES.PKCS_RSA_PRIVATE_KEY),
  DERData, (UInt32)DERData.Length, CRYPT_DECODE_FLAGS.NONE, data, ref dwRSAPrivateKeyBlobSize))
     {
  data = new byte[dwRSAPrivateKeyBlobSize];
  if (!CryptDecodeObject(CRYPT_ENCODING_FLAGS.X509_ASN_ENCODING | CRYPT_ENCODING_FLAGS.PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING, new IntPtr((int)CRYPT_OUTPUT_TYPES.PKCS_RSA_PRIVATE_KEY),
      DERData, (UInt32)DERData.Length, CRYPT_DECODE_FLAGS.NONE, data, ref dwRSAPrivateKeyBlobSize))
      throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
     }
     else
  throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
     return data;
 }

 /// Converts DER binary format to a CAPI CERT_PUBLIC_KEY_INFO structure containing an RSA key.
 internal static byte[] GetRSAFromDER(byte[] DERData)
 {
     byte[] data = null;
     byte[] publicKey = null;
     CERT_PUBLIC_KEY_INFO info;
     UInt32 dwCertPublicKeyInfoSize = 0;
     IntPtr pCertPublicKeyInfo = IntPtr.Zero;
     if (CryptDecodeObject(CRYPT_ENCODING_FLAGS.X509_ASN_ENCODING | CRYPT_ENCODING_FLAGS.PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING, new IntPtr((int)CRYPT_OUTPUT_TYPES.X509_PUBLIC_KEY_INFO),
  DERData, (UInt32)DERData.Length, CRYPT_DECODE_FLAGS.NONE, data, ref dwCertPublicKeyInfoSize))
     {
  data = new byte[dwCertPublicKeyInfoSize];
  if (CryptDecodeObject(CRYPT_ENCODING_FLAGS.X509_ASN_ENCODING | CRYPT_ENCODING_FLAGS.PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING, new IntPtr((int)CRYPT_OUTPUT_TYPES.X509_PUBLIC_KEY_INFO),
      DERData, (UInt32)DERData.Length, CRYPT_DECODE_FLAGS.NONE, data, ref dwCertPublicKeyInfoSize))
  {
      GCHandle handle = GCHandle.Alloc(data, GCHandleType.Pinned);
      try
      {
   info = (CERT_PUBLIC_KEY_INFO)Marshal.PtrToStructure(handle.AddrOfPinnedObject(), typeof(CERT_PUBLIC_KEY_INFO));
   publicKey = new byte[info.PublicKey.cbData];
   Marshal.Copy(info.PublicKey.pbData, publicKey, 0, publicKey.Length);
      }
      finally
      {
   handle.Free();
      }
  }
  else
      throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
     }
     else
  throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
     return publicKey;
 }

 /// Extracts the binary data from a PEM file.
 internal static byte[] GetDERFromPEM(string sPEM)
 {
     UInt32 dwSkip, dwFlags;
     UInt32 dwBinarySize = 0;

     if (!CryptStringToBinary(sPEM, (UInt32)sPEM.Length, CRYPT_STRING_FLAGS.CRYPT_STRING_base64HEADER, null, ref dwBinarySize, out dwSkip, out dwFlags))
  throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());

     byte[] decodedData = new byte[dwBinarySize];
     if (!CryptStringToBinary(sPEM, (UInt32)sPEM.Length, CRYPT_STRING_FLAGS.CRYPT_STRING_base64HEADER, decodedData, ref dwBinarySize, out dwSkip, out dwFlags))
  throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
     return decodedData;
 }

 #endregion Methods

 #region P/Invoke Constants

 /// Enumeration derived from Crypto API.
 internal enum CRYPT_ACQUIRE_CONTEXT_FLAGS : uint
 {
     CRYPT_NEWKEYSET = 0x8,
     CRYPT_DELETeKEYSET = 0x10,
     CRYPT_MACHINE_KEYSET = 0x20,
     CRYPT_SILENT = 0x40,
     CRYPT_DEFAULT_CONTAINER_OPTIonAL = 0x80,
     CRYPT_VERIFYConTEXT = 0xF0000000
 }

 /// Enumeration derived from Crypto API.
 internal enum CRYPT_PROVIDER_TYPE : uint
 {
     PROV_RSA_FULL = 1
 }

 /// Enumeration derived from Crypto API.
 internal enum CRYPT_DECODE_FLAGS : uint
 {
     NONE = 0,
     CRYPT_DECODE_ALLOC_FLAG = 0x8000
 }

 /// Enumeration derived from Crypto API.
 internal enum CRYPT_ENCODING_FLAGS : uint
 {
     PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING = 0x00010000,
     X509_ASN_ENCODING = 0x00000001,
 }

 /// Enumeration derived from Crypto API.
 internal enum CRYPT_OUTPUT_TYPES : int
 {
     X509_PUBLIC_KEY_INFO = 8,
     RSA_CSP_PUBLICKEYBLOB = 19,
     PKCS_RSA_PRIVATE_KEY = 43,
     PKCS_PRIVATE_KEY_INFO = 44
 }

 /// Enumeration derived from Crypto API.
 internal enum CRYPT_STRING_FLAGS : uint
 {
     CRYPT_STRING_base64HEADER = 0,
     CRYPT_STRING_base64 = 1,
     CRYPT_STRING_BINARY = 2,
     CRYPT_STRING_base64REQUESTHEADER = 3,
     CRYPT_STRING_HEX = 4,
     CRYPT_STRING_HEXASCII = 5,
     CRYPT_STRING_base64_ANY = 6,
     CRYPT_STRING_ANY = 7,
     CRYPT_STRING_HEX_ANY = 8,
     CRYPT_STRING_base64X509CRLHEADER = 9,
     CRYPT_STRING_HEXADDR = 10,
     CRYPT_STRING_HEXASCIIADDR = 11,
     CRYPT_STRING_HEXRAW = 12,
     CRYPT_STRING_NOCRLF = 0x40000000,
     CRYPT_STRING_NOCR = 0x80000000
 }

 #endregion P/Invoke Constants

 #region P/Invoke Structures

 /// Structure from Crypto API.
 [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
 internal struct CRYPT_OBJID_BLOB
 {
     internal UInt32 cbData;
     internal IntPtr pbData;
 }

 /// Structure from Crypto API.
 [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
 internal struct CRYPT_ALGORITHM_IDENTIFIER
 {
     internal IntPtr pszObjId;
     internal CRYPT_OBJID_BLOB Parameters;
 }

 /// Structure from Crypto API.
 [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
 struct CRYPT_BIT_BLOB
 {
     internal UInt32 cbData;
     internal IntPtr pbData;
     internal UInt32 cUnusedBits;
 }

 /// Structure from Crypto API.
 [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
 struct CERT_PUBLIC_KEY_INFO
 {
     internal CRYPT_ALGORITHM_IDENTIFIER Algorithm;
     internal CRYPT_BIT_BLOB PublicKey;
 }

 #endregion P/Invoke Structures

 #region P/Invoke Functions

 /// Function for Crypto API.
 [Dllimport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
 [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
 internal static extern bool CryptDestroyKey(IntPtr hKey);

 /// Function for Crypto API.
 [Dllimport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
 [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
 internal static extern bool CryptimportKey(IntPtr hProv, byte[] pbKeyData, UInt32 dwDataLen, IntPtr hPubKey, UInt32 dwFlags, ref IntPtr hKey);

 /// Function for Crypto API.
 [Dllimport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
 [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
 internal static extern bool CryptReleaseContext(IntPtr hProv, Int32 dwFlags);

 /// Function for Crypto API.
 [Dllimport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
 [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
 internal static extern bool CryptAcquireContext(ref IntPtr hProv, string pszContainer, string pszProvider, CRYPT_PROVIDER_TYPE dwProvType, CRYPT_ACQUIRE_CONTEXT_FLAGS dwFlags);

 /// Function from Crypto API.
 [Dllimport("crypt32.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
 [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
 internal static extern bool CryptStringToBinary(string sPEM, UInt32 sPEMLength, CRYPT_STRING_FLAGS dwFlags, [Out] byte[] pbBinary, ref UInt32 pcbBinary, out UInt32 pdwSkip, out UInt32 pdwFlags);

 /// Function from Crypto API.
 [Dllimport("crypt32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
 [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
 internal static extern bool CryptDecodeObjectEx(CRYPT_ENCODING_FLAGS dwCertEncodingType, IntPtr lpszStructType, byte[] pbEncoded, UInt32 cbEncoded, CRYPT_DECODE_FLAGS dwFlags, IntPtr pDecodePara, ref byte[] pvStructInfo, ref UInt32 pcbStructInfo);

 /// Function from Crypto API.
 [Dllimport("crypt32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
 [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
 internal static extern bool CryptDecodeObject(CRYPT_ENCODING_FLAGS dwCertEncodingType, IntPtr lpszStructType, byte[] pbEncoded, UInt32 cbEncoded, CRYPT_DECODE_FLAGS flags, [In, Out] byte[] pvStructInfo, ref UInt32 cbStructInfo);

 #endregion P/Invoke Functions
    }

第二个：RSAHelper

	using Newtonsoft.Json;
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Configuration;
    using System.IO;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Reflection;
    using System.Security.Cryptography;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    

    public abstract class RSAHelper
    {
 #region  加密

 // /// 
 // /// RSA加密PEM秘钥（普通PKCS#1格式）
 // /// 
 // /// 
 // /// 
 // /// 
 // /// 
 // public static string EncryptPEM(string publicKeyPEM, string data, string encoding = "UTF-8")
 // {
 //#if false
 // RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
 // byte[] cipherbytes;
 // rsa.LoadPublicKeyPEM(publicKeyPEM);

 // //☆☆☆☆.NET 4.6以后特有☆☆☆☆
 // //HashAlgorithmName hashName = new System.Security.Cryptography.HashAlgorithmName(hashAlgorithm);
 // //RSAEncryptionPadding padding = RSAEncryptionPadding.OaepSHA512;//RSAEncryptionPadding.CreateOaep(hashName);//.NET 4.6以后特有 
 // //cipherbytes = rsa.Encrypt(Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetBytes(data), padding);
 // //☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆

 // //☆☆☆☆.NET 4.6以前请用此段代码☆☆☆☆
 // cipherbytes = rsa.Encrypt(Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetBytes(data), false);

 // return Convert.Tobase64String(cipherbytes);
 //#else
 //     if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(data))
 //     {
 //  return string.Empty;
 //     }

 //     if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(publicKeyPEM))
 //     {
 //  throw new ArgumentException("Invalid Public Key");
 //     }

 //     using (var rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider())
 //     {
 //  var inputBytes = Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetBytes(data);//有含义的字符串转化为字节流

 //  rsa.LoadPublicKeyPEM(publicKeyPEM);//载入公钥
 //  int bufferSize = (rsa.KeySize / 8) - 11;//单块最大长度
 //  var buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
 //  using (MemoryStream inputStream = new MemoryStream(inputBytes),
 //outputStream = new MemoryStream())
 //  {
 //      while (true)
 //      { //分段加密
 //   int readSize = inputStream.Read(buffer, 0, bufferSize);
 //   if (readSize <= 0)
 //   {
 //break;
 //   }

 //   var temp = new byte[readSize];
 //   Array.Copy(buffer, 0, temp, 0, readSize);
 //   var encryptedBytes = rsa.Encrypt(temp, false);
 //   outputStream.Write(encryptedBytes, 0, encryptedBytes.Length);
 //      }
 //      return Convert.Tobase64String(outputStream.ToArray());//转化为字节流方便传输
 //  }
 //     }
 //#endif
 // }

 /// 
 /// RSA加密PEM秘钥（普通PKCS#1格式）
 /// 
 /// 
 /// 
 /// 
 /// 
 public static string EncryptPEM(string publicKeyPEM, string data, string encoding = "UTF-8")
 {
#if false
 RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
 byte[] cipherbytes;
 rsa.LoadPublicKeyPEM(publicKeyPEM);

 //☆☆☆☆.NET 4.6以后特有☆☆☆☆
 //HashAlgorithmName hashName = new System.Security.Cryptography.HashAlgorithmName(hashAlgorithm);
 //RSAEncryptionPadding padding = RSAEncryptionPadding.OaepSHA512;//RSAEncryptionPadding.CreateOaep(hashName);//.NET 4.6以后特有 
 //cipherbytes = rsa.Encrypt(Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetBytes(data), padding);
 //☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆

 //☆☆☆☆.NET 4.6以前请用此段代码☆☆☆☆
 cipherbytes = rsa.Encrypt(Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetBytes(data), false);

 return Convert.Tobase64String(cipherbytes);
#else
     if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(data))
     {
  return string.Empty;
     }

     if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(publicKeyPEM))
     {
  throw new ArgumentException("Invalid Public Key");
     }

     using (var rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider())
     {
  rsa.LoadPublicKeyPEM(publicKeyPEM);//载入公钥

  byte[] plainText = Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetBytes(data);
  byte[] cypherText = rsa.Encrypt(plainText, false);

  return Convert.Tobase64String(cypherText);
     }
#endif
 }

 /// 
 /// RSA加密
 /// 
 /// 
 /// 
 /// 
 /// 
 public static string EncryptCSharp(string publicKeyCSharp, string data, string encoding = "UTF-8")
 {
#if false
 RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
 byte[] cipherbytes;
 rsa.FromXmlString(publicKeyCSharp);

 //☆☆☆☆.NET 4.6以后特有☆☆☆☆
 //HashAlgorithmName hashName = new System.Security.Cryptography.HashAlgorithmName(hashAlgorithm);
 //RSAEncryptionPadding padding = RSAEncryptionPadding.OaepSHA512;//RSAEncryptionPadding.CreateOaep(hashName);//.NET 4.6以后特有 
 //cipherbytes = rsa.Encrypt(Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetBytes(data), padding);
 //☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆

 //☆☆☆☆.NET 4.6以前请用此段代码☆☆☆☆
 cipherbytes = rsa.Encrypt(Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetBytes(data), false);

 return Convert.Tobase64String(cipherbytes);
#else
     if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(data))
     {
  return string.Empty;
     }

     if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(publicKeyCSharp))
     {
  throw new ArgumentException("Invalid Public Key");
     }

     using (var rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider())
     {
  var inputBytes = Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetBytes(data);//有含义的字符串转化为字节流

  rsa.FromXmlString(publicKeyCSharp);//载入公钥
  int bufferSize = (rsa.KeySize / 8) - 11;//单块最大长度
  var buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
  using (MemoryStream inputStream = new MemoryStream(inputBytes),
outputStream = new MemoryStream())
  {
      while (true)
      { //分段加密
   int readSize = inputStream.Read(buffer, 0, bufferSize);
   if (readSize <= 0)
   {
break;
   }

   var temp = new byte[readSize];
   Array.Copy(buffer, 0, temp, 0, readSize);
   var encryptedBytes = rsa.Encrypt(temp, false);
   outputStream.Write(encryptedBytes, 0, encryptedBytes.Length);
      }
      return Convert.Tobase64String(outputStream.ToArray());//转化为字节流方便传输
  }
     }
#endif
 }

 #endregion

 #region 解密

 // /// 
 // /// RSA解密（普通PKCS#1格式）
 // /// 
 // /// 
 // /// 
 // /// 
 // /// 
 // public static string DecryptPEM(string privateKeyPEM, string data, string encoding = "UTF-8")
 // {
 //#if false
 // RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
 // byte[] cipherbytes;
 // rsa.LoadPrivateKeyPEM(privateKeyPEM);
 // //☆☆☆☆.NET 4.6以后特有☆☆☆☆
 // //RSAEncryptionPadding padding = RSAEncryptionPadding.CreateOaep(new System.Security.Cryptography.HashAlgorithmName(hashAlgorithm));//.NET 4.6以后特有 
 // //cipherbytes = rsa.Decrypt(Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetBytes(data), padding);
 // //☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆

 // //☆☆☆☆.NET 4.6以前请用此段代码☆☆☆☆
 // cipherbytes = rsa.Decrypt(Convert.Frombase64String(data), false);

 // return Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetString(cipherbytes);
 //#else
 //     if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(data))
 //     {
 //  return string.Empty;
 //     }

 //     if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(privateKeyPEM))
 //     {
 //  throw new ArgumentException("Invalid Private Key");
 //     }

 //     using (var rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider())
 //     {
 //  var inputBytes = Convert.Frombase64String(data);
 //  rsa.LoadPrivateKeyPEM(privateKeyPEM);
 //  int bufferSize = rsa.KeySize / 8;
 //  var buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
 //  using (MemoryStream inputStream = new MemoryStream(inputBytes),
 //outputStream = new MemoryStream())
 //  {
 //      while (true)
 //      {
 //   int readSize = inputStream.Read(buffer, 0, bufferSize);
 //   if (readSize <= 0)
 //   {
 //break;
 //   }

 //   var temp = new byte[readSize];
 //   Array.Copy(buffer, 0, temp, 0, readSize);
 //   var rawBytes = rsa.Decrypt(temp, false);
 //   outputStream.Write(rawBytes, 0, rawBytes.Length);
 //      }
 //      return Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetString(outputStream.ToArray());
 //  }
 //     }
 //#endif
 // }

 /// 
 /// RSA解密（普通PKCS#1格式）
 /// 
 /// 
 /// 
 /// 
 /// 
 public static string DecryptPEM(string privateKeyPEM, string data, string encoding = "UTF-8")
 {
#if false
 RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
 byte[] cipherbytes;
 rsa.LoadPrivateKeyPEM(privateKeyPEM);
 //☆☆☆☆.NET 4.6以后特有☆☆☆☆
 //RSAEncryptionPadding padding = RSAEncryptionPadding.CreateOaep(new System.Security.Cryptography.HashAlgorithmName(hashAlgorithm));//.NET 4.6以后特有 
 //cipherbytes = rsa.Decrypt(Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetBytes(data), padding);
 //☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆

 //☆☆☆☆.NET 4.6以前请用此段代码☆☆☆☆
 cipherbytes = rsa.Decrypt(Convert.Frombase64String(data), false);

 return Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetString(cipherbytes);
#else
     if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(data))
     {
  return string.Empty;
     }

     if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(privateKeyPEM))
     {
  throw new ArgumentException("Invalid Private Key");
     }

     using (var rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider())
     {
  rsa.LoadPrivateKeyPEM(privateKeyPEM);
  byte[] plainText = Convert.Frombase64String(data);
  byte[] dypherText = rsa.Decrypt(plainText, false);
  return Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetString(dypherText);
     }
#endif
 }

 /// 
 /// RSA解密
 /// 
 /// 
 /// 
 /// 
 /// 
 public static string DecryptCSharp(string privateKeyCSharp, string data, string encoding = "UTF-8")
 {
#if false
 RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
 byte[] cipherbytes;
 rsa.FromXmlString(privateKeyCSharp);
 //☆☆☆☆.NET 4.6以后特有☆☆☆☆
 //RSAEncryptionPadding padding = RSAEncryptionPadding.CreateOaep(new System.Security.Cryptography.HashAlgorithmName(hashAlgorithm));//.NET 4.6以后特有 
 //cipherbytes = rsa.Decrypt(Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetBytes(data), padding);
 //☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆

 //☆☆☆☆.NET 4.6以前请用此段代码☆☆☆☆
 cipherbytes = rsa.Decrypt(Convert.Frombase64String(data), false);

 return Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetString(cipherbytes);
#else
     if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(data))
     {
  return string.Empty;
     }

     if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(privateKeyCSharp))
     {
  throw new ArgumentException("Invalid Private Key");
     }

     using (var rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider())
     {
  var inputBytes = Convert.Frombase64String(data);
  rsa.FromXmlString(privateKeyCSharp);
  int bufferSize = rsa.KeySize / 8;
  var buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
  using (MemoryStream inputStream = new MemoryStream(inputBytes),
outputStream = new MemoryStream())
  {
      while (true)
      {
   int readSize = inputStream.Read(buffer, 0, bufferSize);
   if (readSize <= 0)
   {
break;
   }

   var temp = new byte[readSize];
   Array.Copy(buffer, 0, temp, 0, readSize);
   var rawBytes = rsa.Decrypt(temp, false);
   outputStream.Write(rawBytes, 0, rawBytes.Length);
      }
      return Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetString(outputStream.ToArray());
  }
     }
#endif
 }

 #endregion


 #region 加签

 /// 
 /// RSA签名
 /// 
 /// 私钥
 /// 待签名的内容
 /// 
 public static string RSASignPEM(string data, string privateKeyPEM, string hashAlgorithm = "MD5", string encoding = "UTF-8")
 {
     RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
     rsa.LoadPrivateKeyPEM(privateKeyPEM);//加载私钥   
     var dataBytes = Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetBytes(data);
     var HashbyteSignature = rsa.SignData(dataBytes, hashAlgorithm);
     return Convert.Tobase64String(HashbyteSignature);
 }

 /// 
 /// RSA签名CSharp
 /// 
 /// 私钥
 /// 待签名的内容
 /// 
 public static string RSASignCSharp(string data, string privateKeyCSharp, string hashAlgorithm = "MD5", string encoding = "UTF-8")
 {
     RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
     rsa.FromXmlString(privateKeyCSharp);//加载私钥   
     var dataBytes = Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetBytes(data);
     var HashbyteSignature = rsa.SignData(dataBytes, hashAlgorithm);
     return Convert.Tobase64String(HashbyteSignature);
 }

 #endregion

 #region 验签

 ///  
 /// 验证签名PEM
 /// 
 /// 
 /// 
 /// 
 /// 
 public static bool VerifyPEM(string data, string publicKeyPEM, string signature, string hashAlgorithm = "MD5", string encoding = "UTF-8")
 {
     RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
     //导入公钥，准备验证签名
     rsa.LoadPublicKeyPEM(publicKeyPEM);
     //返回数据验证结果
     byte[] Data = Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetBytes(data);
     byte[] rgbSignature = Convert.Frombase64String(signature);

     return rsa.VerifyData(Data, hashAlgorithm, rgbSignature);
 }

 ///  
 /// 验证签名CSharp
 /// 
 /// 
 /// 
 /// 
 /// 
 public static bool VerifyCSharp(string data, string publicKeyCSharp, string signature, string hashAlgorithm = "MD5", string encoding = "UTF-8")
 {
     RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
     //导入公钥，准备验证签名
     rsa.LoadPublicKeyPEM(publicKeyCSharp);
     //返回数据验证结果
     byte[] Data = Encoding.GetEncoding(encoding).GetBytes(data);
     byte[] rgbSignature = Convert.Frombase64String(signature);

     return rsa.VerifyData(Data, hashAlgorithm, rgbSignature);
 }

 #endregion

    }

加密：

		static string publicPath = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["publicPath"].ToString();
 static string privatePath = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["privatePath"].ToString();

 static string getPublicKey()
 {
     string publicKey = "";
     using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(publicPath))
     {
  publicKey = sr.ReadToEnd();
     }
     return publicKey;
 }

 static string getPrivateKey()
 {
     string privateKey = "";
     using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(privatePath))
     {
  privateKey = sr.ReadToEnd();
     }
     return privateKey;
 }

 static void Main(string[] args)
 {
     string publicKey = getPublicKey();
     string privateKey = getPrivateKey();

     string data = "JodieTestPem";
     
     string encryptResult = RSAHelper.EncryptPEM(publicKey, data);
     Console.WriteLine("encryptResult:" + encryptResult);
     //string decryptResult = RSAHelper.DecryptPEM(privateKey, encryptResult);
     //Console.WriteLine("decryptResult:" + decryptResult);

     Console.ReadKey();
 }

Nodejs使用私钥进行解密

const NodeRSA=require('node-rsa')
const fs=require('fs')
const publicKeyPath='./pem/public.pem'
const privateKeyPath='./pem/private.pem'

//.NET加密结果
var encrypted="v+WhKpT/o8lP40c8Bst6V27mXb3dwvTjE9f/ssuBTL3wEefjsvRwnski0ruO/ye/vXNjbED3aEmkjx/S5m6eBA=="

fs.exists(privateKeyPath,function (exists) {
    if(exists){
 var pem=fs.readFileSync(privateKeyPath,'utf8')
 var key=new NodeRSA(pem,{'encryptionScheme': 'pkcs1'})
 var decrypted=key.decrypt(encrypted,'utf8')
 console.log('decrypted:'+decrypted)
    }
})

C#公钥加密/Nodejs私钥解密

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