argparse是一个完整的参数处理库。参数可以根据add_argument()的action选项触发不同action。支持的action有存储参数（单个，或作为列表的一部分）;存储常量的值（对布尔开关true/false有特殊处理）。默认动作是存储参数值。支持type(指定存储类型)和dest(指定存储变量)等参数。
然后使用函数parse_args()进行参数解析，这个函数的输入默认是sys.argv[1:]，也可以使用其他字符串列表。选项使用GNU/POSIX语法处理，可以混合选项和参数值。parse_args的返回值是一个包含命令参数的Namespace。所有参数以属性的形式存在，比如args.myoption。
下面是一个简单的示例：argparse_short.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Short sample app')
parser.add_argument('-a', action="store_true", default=False)
parser.add_argument('-b', action="store", dest="b")
parser.add_argument('-c', action="store", dest="c", type=int)
print(parser.parse_args(['-a', '-bval', '-c', '3']))执行结果：
$ python3 argparse_short.py Namespace(a=True, b='val', c=3)
长参数argparse_long.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description='Example with long option names',
)
parser.add_argument('--noarg', action="store_true",
default=False)
parser.add_argument('--witharg', action="store",
dest="witharg")
parser.add_argument('--witharg2', action="store",
dest="witharg2", type=int)
print(
parser.parse_args(
['--noarg', '--witharg', 'val', '--witharg2=3']
)
)执行结果
$ python3 argparse_long.py Namespace(noarg=True, witharg='val', witharg2=3)
混合可选和必选参数：argparse_arguments.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description='Example with nonoptional arguments',
)
parser.add_argument('count', action="store", type=int)
parser.add_argument('units', action="store")
print(parser.parse_args())执行结果
$ python3 argparse_arguments.py 3 inches Namespace(count=3, units='inches') $ python3 argparse_arguments.py some inches usage: argparse_arguments.py [-h] count units argparse_arguments.py: error: argument count: invalid int value:'some'$ python3 argparse_arguments.py usage: argparse_arguments.py [-h] count units argparse_arguments.py: error: the following arguments are required: count, units
参数action有：
store：默认action模式，存储值到指定变量。
store_const：存储值在参数的const部分指定，多用于实现非布尔的命令行flag。
store_true / store_false：布尔开关。可以2个参数对应一个变量。
append：存储值到列表，该参数可以重复使用。
append_const：存储值到列表，存储值在参数的const部分指定。
version 输出版本信息然后退出。
下面是各种action的示例：argparse_action.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('-s', action='store',
dest='simple_value',
help='Store a simple value')
parser.add_argument('-c', action='store_const',
dest='constant_value',
const='value-to-store',
help='Store a constant value')
parser.add_argument('-t', action='store_true',
default=False,
dest='boolean_t',
help='Set a switch to true')
parser.add_argument('-f', action='store_false',
default=True,
dest='boolean_f',
help='Set a switch to false')
parser.add_argument('-a', action='append',
dest='collection',
default=[],
help='Add repeated values to a list')
parser.add_argument('-A', action='append_const',
dest='const_collection',
const='value-1-to-append',
default=[],
help='Add different values to list')
parser.add_argument('-B', action='append_const',
dest='const_collection',
const='value-2-to-append',
help='Add different values to list')
parser.add_argument('--version', action='version',
version='%(prog)s 1.0')
results = parser.parse_args()
print('simple_value = {!r}'.format(results.simple_value))
print('constant_value = {!r}'.format(results.constant_value))
print('boolean_t = {!r}'.format(results.boolean_t))
print('boolean_f = {!r}'.format(results.boolean_f))
print('collection = {!r}'.format(results.collection))
print('const_collection = {!r}'.format(results.const_collection))执行结果如下，注意'simple_value'等被自动化转化为大写
$ python3 argparse_action.py -h usage: argparse_action.py [-h] [-s SIMPLE_VALUE] [-c] [-t] [-f] [-a COLLECTION] [-A] [-B] [--version] optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -s SIMPLE_VALUE Store a simple value -c Store a constant value -t Set a switch to true -f Set a switch to false -a COLLECTION Add repeated values to a list -A Add different values to list -B Add different values to list --version show program's version number and exit $ python3 argparse_action.py -s value simple_value = 'value' constant_value = None boolean_t = False boolean_f = True collection = [] const_collection = [] $ python3 argparse_action.py -c simple_value = None constant_value = 'value-to-store' boolean_t = False boolean_f = True collection = [] const_collection = [] $ python3 argparse_action.py -t simple_value = None constant_value = None boolean_t = True boolean_f = True collection = [] const_collection = [] $ python3 argparse_action.py -f simple_value = None constant_value = None boolean_t = False boolean_f = False collection = [] const_collection = [] $ python3 argparse_action.py -a one -a two -a three simple_value = None constant_value = None boolean_t = False boolean_f = True collection = ['one', 'two', 'three'] const_collection = [] $ python3 argparse_action.py -B -A simple_value = None constant_value = None boolean_t = False boolean_f = True collection = [] const_collection = ['value-2-to-append', 'value-1-to-append'] $ python3 argparse_action.py --version argparse_action.py 1.0参考资料
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ArgumentParser函数中的选项prefix_chars可以指定前缀。默认使用UNIX风格，命令行使用‘-’作为前缀。可以使用windows的’/’或者其他符号。
argparse_prefix_chars.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description='Change the option prefix characters',
prefix_chars='-+/',
)
parser.add_argument('-a', action="store_false",
default=None,
help='Turn A off',
)
parser.add_argument('+a', action="store_true",
default=None,
help='Turn A on',
)
parser.add_argument('//noarg', '++noarg',
action="store_true",
default=False)
print(parser.parse_args())执行结果
$ python3 argparse_prefix_chars.py -h usage: argparse_prefix_chars.py [-h] [-a] [+a] [//noarg] Change the option prefix characters optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -a Turn A off +a Turn A on //noarg, ++noarg $ python3 argparse_prefix_chars.py +a Namespace(a=True, noarg=False) $ python3 argparse_prefix_chars.py -a Namespace(a=False, noarg=False) $ python3 argparse_prefix_chars.py //noarg Namespace(a=None, noarg=True) $ python3 argparse_prefix_chars.py ++noarg Namespace(a=None, noarg=True) $ python3 argparse_prefix_chars.py --noarg usage: argparse_prefix_chars.py [-h] [-a] [+a] [//noarg] argparse_prefix_chars.py: error: unrecognized arguments: --noarg处理配置文件中的参数
argparse_with_shlex.py
import argparsefrom configparser import ConfigParserimport shlex
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Short sample app')
parser.add_argument('-a', action="store_true", default=False)
parser.add_argument('-b', action="store", dest="b")
parser.add_argument('-c', action="store", dest="c", type=int)
config = ConfigParser()
config.read('argparse_with_shlex.ini')
config_value = config.get('cli', 'options')
print('Config :', config_value)
argument_list = shlex.split(config_value)
print('Arg List:', argument_list)
print('Results :', parser.parse_args(argument_list))其中argparse_with_shlex.ini文件的内容如下：
[cli] options = -a -b 2
执行结果
$ python3 argparse_with_shlex.py Config : -a -b 2Arg List: ['-a', '-b', '2'] Results : Namespace(a=True, b='2', c=None)
上面例子使用了ConfigParser来读取配置，再用shlex来切割参数。也可以通过fromfile_prefix_chars 告知argparse输入参数为文件。
argparse_fromfile_prefix_chars.py
import argparseimport shlex
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Short sample app',
fromfile_prefix_chars='@',
)
parser.add_argument('-a', action="store_true", default=False)
parser.add_argument('-b', action="store", dest="b")
parser.add_argument('-c', action="store", dest="c", type=int)
print(parser.parse_args(['@argparse_fromfile_prefix_chars.txt']))argparse_fromfile_prefix_chars.txt
-a -b2
执行结果
$ python3 argparse_fromfile_prefix_chars.py Namespace(a=True, b='2', c=None)帮助
自动生成
Argparse会自动生成的帮助和版本信息。ArgumentParser的add_help参数控制帮助的生成，默认是开启。
argparse_with_help.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=True)
parser.add_argument('-a', action="store_true", default=False)
parser.add_argument('-b', action="store", dest="b")
parser.add_argument('-c', action="store", dest="c", type=int)
print(parser.parse_args())下例就关闭帮助：
argparse_without_help.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
parser.add_argument('-a', action="store_true", default=False)
parser.add_argument('-b', action="store", dest="b")
parser.add_argument('-c', action="store", dest="c", type=int)
print(parser.parse_args())执行结果
$ python argparse_with_help.py -h usage: argparse_with_help.py [-h] [-a] [-b B] [-c C] optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -a -b B -c C $ python argparse_without_help.py -h usage: argparse_without_help.py [-a] [-b B] [-c C] argparse_without_help.py: error: unrecognized arguments: -h
自定义帮助
argparse_custom_help.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=True)
parser.add_argument('-a', action="store_true", default=False)
parser.add_argument('-b', action="store", dest="b")
parser.add_argument('-c', action="store", dest="c", type=int)
print('print_usage output:')
parser.print_usage()
print()
print('print_help output:')
parser.print_help()执行结果
$ python3 argparse_custom_help.py print_usage output: usage: argparse_custom_help.py [-h] [-a] [-b B] [-c C] print_help output: usage: argparse_custom_help.py [-h] [-a] [-b B] [-c C] optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -a -b B -c C
argparse_raw_description_help_formatter.py
import argparse parser = argparse.ArgumentParser( add_help=True, formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter, description=""" description not wrapped""", epilog=""" epilog not wrapped""", ) parser.add_argument( '-a', action="store_true", help="""argument help is wrapped """, ) parser.print_help()
执行结果
$ python3 argparse_raw_description_help_formatter.py usage: argparse_raw_description_help_formatter.py [-h] [-a] description not wrapped optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -a argument help is wrapped epilog not wrapped
argparse_raw_text_help_formatter.py
import argparse parser = argparse.ArgumentParser( add_help=True, formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter, description=""" description not wrapped""", epilog=""" epilog not wrapped""", ) parser.add_argument( '-a', action="store_true", help="""argument help is not wrapped """, ) parser.print_help()
执行结果
$ python3 argparse_raw_text_help_formatter.py usage: argparse_raw_text_help_formatter.py [-h] [-a] description not wrapped optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -a argument help is not wrapped epilog not wrapped
argparse_metavar_type_help_formatter.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
add_help=True,
formatter_class=argparse.metavarTypeHelpFormatter,
)
parser.add_argument('-i', type=int, dest='notshown1')
parser.add_argument('-f', type=float, dest='notshown2')
parser.print_help()执行结果
$ python3 argparse_metavar_type_help_formatter.py usage: argparse_metavar_type_help_formatter.py [-h] [-i int] [-f float] optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -i int -f float组织解析器
公共解析器:通过父子类来实现。
见argparse_parent_base.py：
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
parser.add_argument('--user', action="store")
parser.add_argument('--password', action="store")argparse_uses_parent.py
import argparseimport argparse_parent_base
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
parents=[argparse_parent_base.parser],
)
parser.add_argument('--local-arg',
action="store_true",
default=False)
print(parser.parse_args())注意：父类关闭了help。子类却默认开启了help。执行结果：
$ python3 argparse_uses_parent.py -h usage: argparse_uses_parent.py [-h] [--user USER] [--password PASSWORD] [--local-arg] optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit --user USER --password PASSWORD --local-arg参数冲突
argparse_conflict_handler_resolve.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(conflict_handler='resolve')
parser.add_argument('-a', action="store")
parser.add_argument('-b', action="store", help='Short alone')
parser.add_argument('--long-b', '-b',
action="store",
help='Long and short together')
print(parser.parse_args(['-h']))执行结果
$ python3 argparse_conflict_handler_resolve.py usage: argparse_conflict_handler_resolve.py [-h] [-a A] [--long-b LONG_B] optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -a A --long-b LONG_B, -b LONG_B Long and short together
argparse_conflict_handler_resolve2.py、
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(conflict_handler='resolve')
parser.add_argument('-a', action="store")
parser.add_argument('--long-b', '-b',
action="store",
help='Long and short together')
parser.add_argument('-b', action="store", help='Short alone')
print(parser.parse_args(['-h']))执行结果
$ python3 argparse_conflict_handler_resolve2.py usage: argparse_conflict_handler_resolve2.py [-h] [-a A] [--long-b LONG_B] [-b B] optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -a A --long-b LONG_B Long and short together -b B Short alone参数分组
默认有可选参数和必选参数组。
argparse_default_grouping.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Short sample app')
parser.add_argument('--optional', action="store_true",
default=False)
parser.add_argument('positional', action="store")
print(parser.parse_args())执行结果
$ python3 argparse_default_grouping.py -h usage: argparse_default_grouping.py [-h] [--optional] positional Short sample app positional arguments: positional optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit --optional
前面的用户名和密码就可以分组：
argparse_parent_with_group.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
group = parser.add_argument_group('authentication')
group.add_argument('--user', action="store")
group.add_argument('--password', action="store")argparse_uses_parent_with_group.py
import argparseimport argparse_parent_with_group
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
parents=[argparse_parent_with_group.parser],
)
parser.add_argument('--local-arg',
action="store_true",
default=False)
print(parser.parse_args())执行结果
$ python3 argparse_uses_parent_with_group.py -h usage: argparse_uses_parent_with_group.py [-h] [--user USER] [--password PASSWORD] [--local-arg] optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit --local-arg authentication: --user USER --password PASSWORD互斥选项
使用add_mutually_exclusive_group()可以添加互斥选项：
argparse_mutually_exclusive.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
group.add_argument('-a', action='store_true')
group.add_argument('-b', action='store_true')
print(parser.parse_args())执行结果
$ python3 argparse_mutually_exclusive.py -h usage: argparse_mutually_exclusive.py [-h] [-a | -b] optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -a -b $ python3 argparse_mutually_exclusive.py -a Namespace(a=True, b=False) $ python3 argparse_mutually_exclusive.py -b Namespace(a=False, b=True) $ python3 argparse_mutually_exclusive.py -a -b usage: argparse_mutually_exclusive.py [-h] [-a | -b] argparse_mutually_exclusive.py: error: argument -b: not allowedwith argument -a嵌套解析
argparse_subparsers.py
import argparse parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(help='commands')# A list commandlist_parser = subparsers.add_parser( 'list', help='List contents') list_parser.add_argument( 'dirname', action='store', help='Directory to list')# A create commandcreate_parser = subparsers.add_parser( 'create', help='Create a directory') create_parser.add_argument( 'dirname', action='store', help='New directory to create') create_parser.add_argument( '--read-only', default=False, action='store_true', help='Set permissions to prevent writing to the directory', )# A delete commanddelete_parser = subparsers.add_parser( 'delete', help='Remove a directory') delete_parser.add_argument( 'dirname', action='store', help='The directory to remove') delete_parser.add_argument( '--recursive', '-r', default=False, action='store_true', help='Remove the contents of the directory, too', ) print(parser.parse_args())
执行结果
$ python3 argparse_subparsers.py -h
usage: argparse_subparsers.py [-h] {list,create,delete} ...
positional arguments:
{list,create,delete} commands
list List contents
create Create a directory
delete Remove a directory
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
$ python3 argparse_subparsers.py create -h
usage: argparse_subparsers.py create [-h] [--read-only] dirname
positional arguments:
dirname New directory to create
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--read-only Set permissions to prevent writing to the directo
ry
$ python3 argparse_subparsers.py delete -r foo
Namespace(dirname='foo', recursive=True)高级参数处理可变参数：数字N代表N的参数，？0或者1个参数。*0或者多个参数。+1或者多个参数。
argparse_nargs.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--three', nargs=3)
parser.add_argument('--optional', nargs='?')
parser.add_argument('--all', nargs='*', dest='all')
parser.add_argument('--one-or-more', nargs='+')
print(parser.parse_args())执行结果
$ python3 argparse_nargs.py -h usage: argparse_nargs.py [-h] [--three THREE THREE THREE] [--optional [OPTIONAL]] [--all [ALL [ALL ...]]] [--one-or-more ONE_OR_MORE [ONE_OR_MORE ...]] optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit --three THREE THREE THREE --optional [OPTIONAL] --all [ALL [ALL ...]] --one-or-more ONE_OR_MORE [ONE_OR_MORE ...] $ python3 argparse_nargs.py Namespace(all=None, one_or_more=None, optional=None, three=None) $ python3 argparse_nargs.py --three usage: argparse_nargs.py [-h] [--three THREE THREE THREE] [--optional [OPTIONAL]] [--all [ALL [ALL ...]]] [--one-or-more ONE_OR_MORE [ONE_OR_MORE ...]] argparse_nargs.py: error: argument --three: expected 3argument(s) $ python3 argparse_nargs.py --three a b c Namespace(all=None, one_or_more=None, optional=None, three=['a', 'b', 'c']) $ python3 argparse_nargs.py --optional Namespace(all=None, one_or_more=None, optional=None, three=None) $ python3 argparse_nargs.py --optional with_value Namespace(all=None, one_or_more=None, optional='with_value', three=None) $ python3 argparse_nargs.py --all with multiple values Namespace(all=['with', 'multiple', 'values'], one_or_more=None, optional=None, three=None) $ python3 argparse_nargs.py --one-or-more with_value Namespace(all=None, one_or_more=['with_value'], optional=None, three=None) $ python3 argparse_nargs.py --one-or-more with multiple values Namespace(all=None, one_or_more=['with', 'multiple', 'values'], optional=None, three=None) $ python3 argparse_nargs.py --one-or-more usage: argparse_nargs.py [-h] [--three THREE THREE THREE] [--optional [OPTIONAL]] [--all [ALL [ALL ...]]] [--one-or-more ONE_OR_MORE [ONE_OR_MORE ...]] argparse_nargs.py: error: argument --one-or-more: expected at least one argument参数类型
argparse_type.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('-i', type=int)
parser.add_argument('-f', type=float)
parser.add_argument('--file', type=open)try:
print(parser.parse_args())except IOError as msg:
parser.error(str(msg))执行结果
$ python3 argparse_type.py -i 1Namespace(f=None, file=None, i=1) $ python3 argparse_type.py -f 3.14Namespace(f=3.14, file=None, i=None) $ python3 argparse_type.py --file argparse_type.py Namespace(f=None, file=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='argparse_type.py' mode='r' encoding='UTF-8'>, i=None) $ python3 argparse_type.py -i a usage: argparse_type.py [-h] [-i I] [-f F] [--file FILE] argparse_type.py: error: argument -i: invalid int value: 'a'$ python3 argparse_type.py -f 3.14.15usage: argparse_type.py [-h] [-i I] [-f F] [--file FILE] argparse_type.py: error: argument -f: invalid float value:'3.14.15'$ python3 argparse_type.py --file does_not_exist.txt usage: argparse_type.py [-h] [-i I] [-f F] [--file FILE] argparse_type.py: error: [Errno 2] No such file or directory:'does_not_exist.txt'
Choices可以指定参数的选项：
argparse_choices.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument( '--mode',
choices=('read-only', 'read-write'),
)
print(parser.parse_args())执行结果
$ python3 argparse_choices.py -h
usage: argparse_choices.py [-h] [--mode {read-only,read-write}]
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--mode {read-only,read-write}
$ python3 argparse_choices.py --mode read-only
Namespace(mode='read-only')
$ python3 argparse_choices.py --mode invalid
usage: argparse_choices.py [-h] [--mode {read-only,read-write}]
argparse_choices.py: error: argument --mode: invalid choice:'invalid' (choose from 'read-only', 'read-write')文件参数argparse_FileType.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('-i', metavar='in-file',
type=argparse.FileType('rt'))
parser.add_argument('-o', metavar='out-file',
type=argparse.FileType('wt'))try:
results = parser.parse_args()
print('Input file:', results.i)
print('Output file:', results.o)except IOError as msg:
parser.error(str(msg))执行结果
$ python3 argparse_FileType.py -h usage: argparse_FileType.py [-h] [-i in-file] [-o out-file] optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -i in-file -o out-file $ python3 argparse_FileType.py -i argparse_FileType.py -o tmp_ file.txt Input file: <_io.TextIOWrapper name='argparse_FileType.py'mode='rt' encoding='UTF-8'> Output file: <_io.TextIOWrapper name='tmp_file.txt' mode='wt'encoding='UTF-8'> $ python3 argparse_FileType.py -i no_such_file.txt usage: argparse_FileType.py [-h] [-i in-file] [-o out-file] argparse_FileType.py: error: argument -i: can't open 'no_such_file.txt': [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'no_such_file.txt'自定义action
自定义action是argparse.Action的子类可以处理add_argument中的参数定义相关的参数，并返回一个可调用对象。构造函数会处理参数定义，仅仅需要处理call函数。call函数中parser代表解释器，namespace用于返回解释结果，value为要处理的参数，option_string用于触发action（对可选参数，永远是None。
argparse_custom_action.py
import argparseclass CustomAction(argparse.Action):
def __init__(self,
option_strings,
dest,
nargs=None,
const=None,
default=None,
type=None,
choices=None,
required=False,
help=None,
metavar=None):
argparse.Action.__init__(self,
option_strings=option_strings,
dest=dest,
nargs=nargs,
const=const,
default=default,
type=type,
choices=choices,
required=required,
help=help,
metavar=metavar,
)
print('Initializing CustomAction') for name, value in sorted(locals().items()): if name == 'self' or value is None: continue
print(' {} = {!r}'.format(name, value))
print() return
def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values,
option_string=None):
print('Processing CustomAction for {}'.format(self.dest))
print(' parser = {}'.format(id(parser)))
print(' values = {!r}'.format(values))
print(' option_string = {!r}'.format(option_string)) # Do some arbitrary processing of the input values
if isinstance(values, list):
values = [v.upper() for v in values] else:
values = values.upper() # Save the results in the namespace using the destination
# variable given to our constructor.
setattr(namespace, self.dest, values)
print()
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('-a', action=CustomAction)
parser.add_argument('-m', nargs='*', action=CustomAction)
results = parser.parse_args(['-a', 'value', '-m', 'multivalue', 'second'])
print(results)执行结果
$ python3 argparse_custom_action.py Initializing CustomAction dest = 'a' option_strings = ['-a'] required = FalseInitializing CustomAction dest = 'm' nargs = '*' option_strings = ['-m'] required = FalseProcessing CustomAction for a parser = 4315836992 values = 'value' option_string = '-a'Processing CustomAction for m parser = 4315836992 values = ['multivalue', 'second'] option_string = '-m'Namespace(a='VALUE', m=['MULTIVALUE', 'SECOND'])
作者：python作业AI毕业设计
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/e2f9de45a981
