这两天学习了python3实现抓取网页资源的方法，发现了很多种方法，所以，今天添加一点小笔记。
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1、最简单
import urllib.request
response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://python.org/')
html = response.read()2、使用 Request
import urllib.request
req = urllib.request.Request('http://python.org/')
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
the_page = response.read()3、发送数据
#! /usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.parseimport urllib.request
url = 'http://localhost/login.php'user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'values = { 'act' : 'login', 'login[email]' : 'yzhang@i9i8.com', 'login[password]' : '123456'
}
data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)
req = urllib.request.Request(url, data)
req.add_header('Referer', 'http://www.python.org/')
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
the_page = response.read()
print(the_page.decode("utf8"))4、发送数据和header
#! /usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.parseimport urllib.request
url = 'http://localhost/login.php'user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'values = { 'act' : 'login', 'login[email]' : 'yzhang@i9i8.com', 'login[password]' : '123456'
}
headers = { 'User-Agent' : user_agent }
data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)
req = urllib.request.Request(url, data, headers)
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
the_page = response.read()
print(the_page.decode("utf8"))5、http 错误
#! /usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.request
req = urllib.request.Request('http://www.python.org/fish.html')try:
urllib.request.urlopen(req)except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
print(e.code)
print(e.read().decode("utf8"))6、异常处理1
#! /usr/bin/env python3
from urllib.request import Request, urlopenfrom urllib.error import URLError, HTTPError
req = Request("http://twitter.com/")try:
response = urlopen(req)except HTTPError as e:
print('The server couldn't fulfill the request.')
print('Error code: ', e.code)except URLError as e:
print('We failed to reach a server.')
print('Reason: ', e.reason)else:
print("good!")
print(response.read().decode("utf8"))7、异常处理2
#! /usr/bin/env python3
from urllib.request import Request, urlopenfrom urllib.error import URLError
req = Request("http://twitter.com/")try:
response = urlopen(req)except URLError as e: if hasattr(e, 'reason'):
print('We failed to reach a server.')
print('Reason: ', e.reason) elif hasattr(e, 'code'):
print('The server couldn't fulfill the request.')
print('Error code: ', e.code)else:
print("good!")
print(response.read().decode("utf8"))8、HTTP 认证
#! /usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.request
# create a password managerpassword_mgr = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
# Add the username and password.# If we knew the realm, we could use it instead of None.top_level_url = "https://cms.tetx.com/"password_mgr.add_password(None, top_level_url, 'yzhang', 'cccddd')
handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_mgr)
# create "opener" (OpenerDirector instance)opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)
# use the opener to fetch a URLa_url = "https://cms.tetx.com/"x = opener.open(a_url)
print(x.read())
# Install the opener.# Now all calls to urllib.request.urlopen use our opener.urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
a = urllib.request.urlopen(a_url).read().decode('utf8')
print(a)9、使用代理
#! /usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.request
proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'sock5': 'localhost:1080'})
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support)
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
a = urllib.request.urlopen("http://g.cn").read().decode("utf8")print(a)10、超时
#! /usr/bin/env python3
import socketimport urllib.request
# timeout in secondstimeout = 2socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout)
# this call to urllib.request.urlopen now uses the default timeout# we have set in the socket modulereq = urllib.request.Request('http://twitter.com/')
a = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read()
print(a)
作者：Python_iOS书籍库
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/20c68e5ae028
