先说基本用法：
先按11G之前进行
conn / as sysdba;
create user test identifed by test;
ORA-65096: 公用用户名或角色名无效.
查官方文档得知“试图创建一个通用用户，必需要用C##或者c##开头”，这时候心里会有疑问，什么是common user？不管先建成功了再说
create C##user test identifed by test;
创建成功
SQL>show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
selectcon_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfromv$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4066409480 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 2270995695 PDBORCL MOUNTED
SQL>alter session set container=PDBORCL;
这时再用create user test identifed by test;建立用户就可以了。
CDB和PDB是ORACLE 12C一个很亮的新特性,由于他们的引入导致传统的ORACLE数据库管理理念不少发生了改变,这里列举了部分最基本的cdb和pdb管理方式
cdb和pdb关系图
ORACLE 12C版本
SQL> select * from v$version; BANNER CON_ID -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production0 PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0 CORE 12.1.0.1.0 Production0 TNS for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0 NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0
启动关闭pdb
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 597098496 bytes
Fixed Size 2291072 bytes
Variable Size272632448 bytes
Database Buffers 314572800 bytes
Redo Buffers 7602176 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAMEOPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ onLY
3 3313918585 PDB1MOUNTED
4 3872456618 PDB2MOUNTED
SQL> alter PLUGGABLE database pdb1 open;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAMEOPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ onLY
3 3313918585 PDB1READ WRITE
4 3872456618 PDB2MOUNTED
SQL> alter PLUGGABLE database pdb1 close;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAMEOPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ onLY
3 3313918585 PDB1MOUNTED
4 3872456618 PDB2MOUNTED
SQL> alter PLUGGABLE database all open;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAMEOPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ onLY
3 3313918585 PDB1READ WRITE
4 3872456618 PDB2READ WRITE
SQL> alter PLUGGABLE database all close;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAMEOPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ onLY
3 3313918585 PDB1MOUNTED
4 3872456618 PDB2MOUNTED
SQL> alter session set container=pdb1;
Session altered.
SQL> startup
Pluggable Database opened.
SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAMEOPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
3 3313918585 PDB1READ WRITE
pdb的管理可以在cdb中进行也可以在pdb中进行,如果是cdb中进行,需要PLUGGABLE关键字,如果是pdb中直接和普通数据库一样
登录pdb
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on 12-MAY-2013 08:07:02 Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DEscriptION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 11-MAY-2013 18:30:54 Uptime 0 days 13 hr. 36 min. 8 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/grid/product/12.1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/xifenfei/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DEscriptION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) (DEscriptION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521))) (DEscriptION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=5500)) (Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/oracle/12.1/db_1/admin/cdb/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW)) Services Summary... Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s). Instance "+ASM", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "cdb" has 1 instance(s). Instance "cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "cdbXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "pdb1" has 1 instance(s). Instance "cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "pdb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [oracle@xifenfei ~]$ tnsping pdb1 TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on 12-MAY-2013 08:07:09 Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Used parameter files: Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DEscriptION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xifenfei) (PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = pdb1))) OK (20 msec) [oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus sys/xifenfei@pdb1 as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Sun May 12 08:08:02 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options SQL> show con_name; CON_NAME ------------------------------ PDB1 [oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Sun May 12 08:09:14 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options SQL> alter session set container=pdb1; Session altered. SQL> show con_name; CON_NAME ------------------------------ PDB1
pdb可以通过alter session container进入也可以直接通过tns方式登录
创建用户
SQL> show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAMEOPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ onLY
3 3313918585 PDB1READ WRITE
4 3872456618 PDB2MOUNTED
SQL> create user xff identified by xifenfei;
create user xff identified by xifenfei
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65096: invalid common user or role name
SQL> !oerr ora 65096
65096, 00000, "invalid common user or role name"
// *Cause: An attempt was made to create a common user or role with a name
// that wass not valid for common users or roles. In addition to
// the usual rules for user and role names, common user and role
// names must start with C## or c## and consist only of ASCII
// characters.
// *Action: Specify a valid common user or role name.
//
SQL> create user c##xff identified by xifenfei;
User created.
SQL> SELECt USERNAME,CON_ID,USER_ID FROM CDB_USERS WHERe USERNAME='C##XFF';
USERNAME CON_ID USER_ID
---------- ---------- ----------
C##XFF1 103
C##XFF3 104
SQL> alter session set container=pdb1;
Session altered.
SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1
SQL> create user xff identified by xifenfei;
User created.
SQL> create user c##abc identified by xifenfei;
create user c##abc identified by xifenfei
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65094: invalid local user or role name
创建用户默认的是container=all,在cdb中只能创建全局用户(c##开头),会在cdb和所有的pdb中创建该用户(但是pdb中的全局用户需要另外授权才能够在pdb中访问)。在pdb中只能创建的用户为本地用户
用户授权
SQL> grant connect to c##xff; Grant succeeded. SQL> select GRANTEE,con_id from cdb_ROLE_PRIVS where GRANTED_ROLE='CONNECT' AND GRANTEE='C##XFF'; GRANTEECON_ID ------------------------------ ---------- C##XFF 1 SQL> grant resource to c##xff container=all; Grant succeeded. SQL> select GRANTEE,con_id from cdb_ROLE_PRIVS where GRANTED_ROLE='RESOURCE' AND GRANTEE='C##XFF'; GRANTEECON_ID ------------------------------ ---------- C##XFF 1 C##XFF 3
用户授权默认情况下是只会给当前container,在cdb中也可以指定container=all,对所有open的pdb且存在该用户都进行授权
修改参数
SQL> alter system set open_cursors=500 container=all; System altered. SQL> conn sys/xifenfei@pdb1 as sysdba Connected. SQL> show parameter open_cursors; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ open_cursors integer 500 SQL> alter system set open_cursors=100; alter system set open_cursors=100 * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01219: database or pluggable database not open: queries allowed on fixed tables or views only SQL> alter database open; Database altered. SQL> alter system set open_cursors=100; System altered. SQL> show parameter open_cursors; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ open_cursors integer 100 SQL> conn / as sysdba Connected. SQL> show parameter open_cursors; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ open_cursors integer 500
这里可以看到在cdb中修改,pdb会继承进去;如果在pdb中修改会覆盖pdb从cdb中继承的参数含义
