使用xUtils等框架是很方便,但今天要用代码实现bitmapUtils 的功能,很简单,
AsyncTask请求一张图片
####AsyncTask
#####AsyncTask是线程池+handler的封装 第一个泛型: 传参的参数类型类型(和doInBackground一致) 第二个泛型:
#####更新进度的参数类型(和onProgressUpdate一致) 第三个泛型: 返回结果的参数类型(和onPostExecute一致,
#####和doInBackground返回类型一致)
看AsyncTask源码:
public abstract class AsyncTask{ private static final String LOG_TAG = "AsyncTask"; private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = 5; private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = 128; private static final int KEEP_ALIVE = 1; private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() { private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1); public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement()); } };
核心线程5 最大线程128 这是AsyncTask的线程池 然后通过handler发送消息 , 它内部实例化了一个静态的自定义类 InternalHandler,这个类是继承自 Handler 的,在这个自定义类中绑定了一个叫做 AsyncTaskResult 的对象,每次子线程需要通知主线程,就调用 sendToTarget 发送消息给 handler自己。然后在 handler 的 handleMessage 中 AsyncTaskResult 根据消息的类型不同(例如 MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS 会更新进度条,MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL 取消任务)而做不同的操作,值得一提的是,这些操作都是在UI线程进行的,意味着,从子线程一旦需要和 UI 线程交互,内部自动调用了 handler 对象把消息放在了主线程了。
private static final InternalHandler sHandler = new InternalHandler(); mFuture = new FutureTask(mWorker) { @Override protected void More ...done() { Message message; Result result = null; try { result = get(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e); } catch (ExecutionException e) { throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing doInBackground()", e.getCause()); } catch (CancellationException e) { message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL, new AsyncTaskResult (AsyncTask.this, (Result[]) null)); message.sendToTarget(); return; } catch (Throwable t) { throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing " + "doInBackground()", t); } message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT, new AsyncTaskResult (AsyncTask.this, result)); message.sendToTarget(); } }; private static class InternalHandler extends Handler { @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"}) @Override public void More ...handleMessage(Message msg) { AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj; switch (msg.what) { case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT: // There is only one result result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]); break; case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS: result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData); break; case MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL: result.mTask.onCancelled(); break; } } }
下面看代码 第一步我们先请求一张图片 并解析 注释写的很详细了.
NetCacheUtils.java
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.widget.ImageView;
public class NetCacheUtils {
private LocalCacheUtils mLocalUtils;
private MemoryCacheUtils mMemoryUtils;
public NetCacheUtils(LocalCacheUtils localUtils,
MemoryCacheUtils memoryUtils) {
mLocalUtils = localUtils;
mMemoryUtils = memoryUtils;
}
public void getBitmapFromNet(ImageView imageView, String url) {
BitmapTask task = new BitmapTask();
task.execute(imageView, url);
}
class BitmapTask extends AsyncTask
MemoryCacheUtils.java 用到了LruCache 很简单
我简单翻译下文档:
* A cache that holds strong references to a limited number of values. Each time * a value is accessed, it is moved to the head of a queue. When a value is * added to a full cache, the value at the end of that queue is evicted and may * become eligible for garbage collection. * Cache保存一个强引用来限制内容数量,每当Item被访问的时候,此Item就会移动到队列的头部。 * 当cache已满的时候加入新的item时,在队列尾部的item会被回收。 *If your cached values hold resources that need to be explicitly released, * override {@link #entryRemoved}. * 如果你cache的某个值需要明确释放,重写entryRemoved() *
By default, the cache size is measured in the number of entries. Override * {@link #sizeOf} to size the cache in different units. For example, this cache * is limited to 4MiB of bitmaps: 默认cache大小是测量的item的数量,重写sizeof计算不同item的 * 大小。 {@code * int cacheSize = 4 * 1024 * 1024; // 4MiB * LruCache
bitmapCache = new LruCache (cacheSize) { * protected int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap value) { * return value.getByteCount(); * } * }} ------------------------------------------------------------------- This class is thread-safe. Perform multiple cache operations atomically by * synchronizing on the cache:
{@code * synchronized (cache) { * if (cache.get(key) == null) { * cache.put(key, value); * } * }}* 他是线程安全的,自动地执行多个缓存操作并且加锁 -------------------------This class does not allow null to be used as a key or value. A return * value of null from {@link #get}, {@link #put} or {@link #remove} is * unambiguous: the key was not in the cache. * 不允许key或者value为null * 当get(),put(),remove()返回值为null时,key相应的项不在cache中
最重要的大概就是以上几点: 使用很简单
来看代码:
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.support.v4.util.LruCache;
public class MemoryCacheUtils {
// Android 2.3 (API Level
// 9)开始,垃圾回收器会更倾向于回收持有软引用或弱引用的对象,这让软引用和弱引用变得不再可靠,建议用LruCache,它是强引用
private LruCache mCache;
public MemoryCacheUtils() {
int maxMemory = (int) Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory();// 获取虚拟机分配的最大内存
// 16M
// LRU 最近最少使用, 通过控制内存不要超过最大值(由开发者指定), 来解决内存溢出,就像上面翻译的所说 如果cache满了会清理最近最少使用的缓存对象
mCache = new LruCache(maxMemory / 8) {
@Override
protected int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap value) {
// 计算一个bitmap的大小
int size = value.getRowBytes() * value.getHeight();// 每一行的字节数乘以高度
return size;
}
};
}
public Bitmap getBitmapFromMemory(String url) {
return mCache.get(url);
}
public void setBitmapToMemory(String url, Bitmap bitmap) {
mCache.put(url, bitmap);
}
}
最后一级缓存 本地缓存 把网络下载的图片 文件名以MD5的形式保存到内存卡的制定目录
public class LocalCacheUtils {
// 图片缓存的文件夹
public static final String DIR_PATH = Environment
.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()
+ "/ace_bitmap_cache";
public Bitmap getBitmapFromLocal(String url) {
try {
File file = new File(DIR_PATH, MD5Encoder.encode(url));
if (file.exists()) {
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(
file));
return bitmap;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
public void setBitmapToLocal(Bitmap bitmap, String url) {
File dirFile = new File(DIR_PATH);
// 创建文件夹 文件夹不存在或者它不是文件夹 则创建一个文件夹.mkdirs,mkdir的区别在于假如文件夹有好几层路径的话,前者会创建缺失的父目录 后者不会创建这些父目录
if (!dirFile.exists() || !dirFile.isDirectory()) {
dirFile.mkdirs();
}
try {
File file = new File(DIR_PATH, MD5Encoder.encode(url));
// 将图片压缩保存在本地,参1:压缩格式;参2:压缩质量(0-100);参3:输出流
bitmap.compress(CompressFormat.JPEG, 100,
new FileOutputStream(file));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
MD5Encoder
import java.security.MessageDigest;
public class MD5Encoder {
public static String encode(String string) throws Exception {
byte[] hash = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5").digest(string.getBytes("UTF-8"));
StringBuilder hex = new StringBuilder(hash.length * 2);
for (byte b : hash) {
if ((b & 0xFF) < 0x10) {
hex.append("0");
}
hex.append(Integer.toHexString(b & 0xFF));
}
return hex.toString();
}
}
最后新建一个工具类来使用我们上面的三个缓存方法
public class MyBitmapUtils {
// 网络缓存工具类
private NetCacheUtils mNetUtils;
// 本地缓存工具类
private LocalCacheUtils mLocalUtils;
// 内存缓存工具类
private MemoryCacheUtils mMemoryUtils;
public MyBitmapUtils() {
mMemoryUtils = new MemoryCacheUtils();
mLocalUtils = new LocalCacheUtils();
mNetUtils = new NetCacheUtils(mLocalUtils, mMemoryUtils);
}
public void display(ImageView imageView, String url) {
// 设置默认加载图片
imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.news_pic_default);
// 先从内存缓存加载
Bitmap bitmap = mMemoryUtils.getBitmapFromMemory(url);
if (bitmap != null) {
imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
System.out.println("从内存读取图片啦...");
return;
}
// 再从本地缓存加载
bitmap = mLocalUtils.getBitmapFromLocal(url);
if (bitmap != null) {
imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
System.out.println("从本地读取图片啦...");
// 给内存设置图片
mMemoryUtils.setBitmapToMemory(url, bitmap);
return;
}
// 从网络缓存加载
mNetUtils.getBitmapFromNet(imageView, url);
}
}
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家学习Android软件编程有所帮助。



