详解Android获取设备唯一ID的几种方式

先来看看几种比较单一的方式：

IMEI

方式：TelephonyManager.getDeviceId():

问题

范围：只能支持拥有通话功能的设备，对于平板不可以。
持久性：返厂，数据擦除的时候不彻底，保留了原来的标识。
权限：需要权限：Android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
bug: 有些厂家的实现有bug，返回一些不可用的数据

Mac地址

ACCESS_WIFI_STATE权限

有些设备没有WiFi，或者蓝牙，就不可以，如果WiFi没有打开，硬件也不会返回Mac地址，不建议使用

ANDROID_ID
2.2（Froyo，8）版本系统会不可信，来自主要生产厂商的主流手机，至少有一个普遍发现的bug，这些有问题的手机相同的ANDROID_ID: 9774d56d682e549c

但是如果返厂的手机，或者被root的手机，可能会变

Serial Number

从Android 2.3 (“Gingerbread”)开始可用，可以通过android.os.Build.SERIAL获取，对于没有通话功能的设备，它会返回一个唯一的device ID，

以下几个是stackoverflow上评论较多的几个，没贴完，还有其他，综合的，用到以上的部分方式：

地址：http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2785485/is-there-a-unique-android-device-id

有兴趣的朋友可以再仔细看看

支持率比较高的（支持票数157）：androidID --> 剔除2.2版本（API 8）中有问题的手机，使用UUID替代

import android.content.Context; 
import android.content.SharedPreferences; 
import android.provider.Settings.Secure; 
import android.telephony.TelephonyManager; 
 
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; 
import java.util.UUID; 
 
public class DeviceUuidFactory { 
 
  protected static final String PREFS_FILE = "device_id.xml"; 
  protected static final String PREFS_DEVICE_ID = "device_id"; 
  protected static volatile UUID uuid; 
 
  public DeviceUuidFactory(Context context) { 
    if (uuid == null) { 
      synchronized (DeviceUuidFactory.class) { 
 if (uuid == null) { 
   final SharedPreferences prefs = context 
.getSharedPreferences(PREFS_FILE, 0); 
   final String id = prefs.getString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, null); 
   if (id != null) { 
     // Use the ids previously computed and stored in the 
     // prefs file 
     uuid = UUID.fromString(id); 
   } else { 
     final String androidId = Secure.getString( 
context.getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID); 
     // Use the Android ID unless it's broken, in which case 
     // fallback on deviceId, 
     // unless it's not available, then fallback on a random 
     // number which we store to a prefs file 
     try { 
if (!"9774d56d682e549c".equals(androidId)) { 
  uuid = UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(androidId 
      .getBytes("utf8")); 
} else { 
  final String deviceId = ((TelephonyManager)  
      context.getSystemService( 
 Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE) 
 .getDeviceId(); 
  uuid = deviceId != null ? UUID 
      .nameUUIDFromBytes(deviceId 
   .getBytes("utf8")) : UUID 
      .randomUUID(); 
} 
     } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { 
throw new RuntimeException(e); 
     } 
     // Write the value out to the prefs file 
     prefs.edit() 
  .putString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, uuid.toString()) 
  .commit(); 
   } 
 } 
      } 
    } 
  } 
 
   
  public UUID getDeviceUuid() { 
    return uuid; 
  } 
}

根据版本进行判断的方式：Serial序列号-->UUID （支持数31）

通过Serial 即可，在覆盖率上，你已经成功的获得了98.4%的用户，剩下的1.6%的用户系统是在9 以下的。

通过AndroidID获取，前面已经说过，在8上，有些商家的手机会有一些bug，返回相同的AndroidID，如果Serial和AndroidID都不行

 
public static String getUniquePsuedoID() 
{ 
  // If all else fails, if the user does have lower than API 9 (lower 
  // than Gingerbread), has reset their phone or 'Secure.ANDROID_ID' 
  // returns 'null', then simply the ID returned will be solely based 
  // off their Android device information. This is where the collisions 
  // can happen. 
  // Thanks http://www.pocketmagic.net/?p=1662! 
  // Try not to use DISPLAY, HOST or ID - these items could change. 
  // If there are collisions, there will be overlapping data 
  String m_szDevIDShort = "35" + (Build.BOARD.length() % 10) + (Build.BRAND.length() % 10) + (Build.CPU_ABI.length() % 10) + (Build.DEVICE.length() % 10) + (Build.MANUFACTURER.length() % 10) + (Build.MODEL.length() % 10) + (Build.PRODUCT.length() % 10); 
 
  // Thanks to @Roman SL! 
  // http://stackoverflow.com/a/4789483/950427 
  // only devices with API >= 9 have android.os.Build.SERIAL 
  // http://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/Build.html#SERIAL 
  // If a user upgrades software or roots their phone, there will be a duplicate entry 
  String serial = null; 
  try 
  { 
    serial = android.os.Build.class.getField("SERIAL").get(null).toString(); 
 
    // Go ahead and return the serial for api => 9 
    return new UUID(m_szDevIDShort.hashCode(), serial.hashCode()).toString(); 
  } 
  catch (Exception e) 
  { 
    // String needs to be initialized 
    serial = "serial"; // some value 
  } 
 
  // Thanks @Joe! 
  // http://stackoverflow.com/a/2853253/950427 
  // Finally, combine the values we have found by using the UUID class to create a unique identifier 
  return new UUID(m_szDevIDShort.hashCode(), serial.hashCode()).toString(); 
}

不用READ_PHONE_STATE权限直接获取ROM信息的方式：（支持率较低 16）

String m_szDevIDShort = "35" + //we make this look like a valid IMEI 
      Build.BOARD.length()%10+ Build.BRAND.length()%10 + 
      Build.CPU_ABI.length()%10 + Build.DEVICE.length()%10 + 
      Build.DISPLAY.length()%10 + Build.HOST.length()%10 + 
      Build.ID.length()%10 + Build.MANUFACTURER.length()%10 + 
      Build.MODEL.length()%10 + Build.PRODUCT.length()%10 + 
      Build.TAGS.length()%10 + Build.TYPE.length()%10 + 
      Build.USER.length()%10 ; //13 digits

最后贴上自己在项目中用的：

public static String getDeviceId(Context context) { 
    String deviceId = ""; 
    if (deviceId != null && !"".equals(deviceId)) { 
     return deviceId; 
   } 
    if (deviceId == null || "".equals(deviceId)) { 
      try { 
 deviceId = getLocalMac(context).replace(":", ""); 
      } catch (Exception e) { 
 e.printStackTrace(); 
      } 
    } 
    if (deviceId == null || "".equals(deviceId)) { 
      try { 
 deviceId = getAndroidId(context); 
      } catch (Exception e) { 
 e.printStackTrace(); 
      } 
    } 
    if (deviceId == null || "".equals(deviceId)) { 

      if (deviceId == null || "".equals(deviceId)) { 
 UUID uuid = UUID.randomUUID(); 
 deviceId = uuid.toString().replace("-", ""); 
 writeDeviceID(deviceId); 
      } 
    } 
    return deviceId; 
  }

// IMEI码 
  private static String getIMIEStatus(Context context) { 
    TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) context 
 .getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE); 
    String deviceId = tm.getDeviceId(); 
    return deviceId; 
  } 
 
  // Mac地址 
  private static String getLocalMac(Context context) { 
    WifiManager wifi = (WifiManager) context 
 .getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE); 
    WifiInfo info = wifi.getConnectionInfo(); 
    return info.getMacAddress(); 
  } 
 
  // Android Id 
  private static String getAndroidId(Context context) { 
    String androidId = Settings.Secure.getString( 
 context.getContentResolver(), Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID); 
    return androidId; 
  } 
 
  public static void saveDeviceID(String str) { 
    try { 
      FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file); 
      Writer out = new OutputStreamWriter(fos, "UTF-8"); 
      out.write(str); 
      out.close(); 
    } catch (IOException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } 
  } 
 
  public static String readDeviceID() { 
    StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); 
    try { 
      FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file); 
      InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(fis, "UTF-8"); 
      Reader in = new BufferedReader(isr); 
      int i; 
      while ((i = in.read()) > -1) { 
 buffer.append((char) i); 
      } 
      in.close(); 
      return buffer.toString(); 
    } catch (IOException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
      return null; 
    } 
  }

对于获取设备唯一ID并没有绝对的方案，这一点在android的官方博客中也提到了，不过以上几种方案，应该可以满足平时的需求，大家可以选择其中自己认为比较好的，用于自己的项目中。

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详解Android获取设备唯一ID的几种方式

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