Java中常用加密/解密方法详解

安全问题已经成为一个越来越重要的问题，在Java中如何对重要数据进行加密解密是本文的主要内容。

一、常用的加密/解密算法

1.base64

严格来说base64并不是一种加密/解密算法，而是一种编码方式。base64不生成密钥，通过base64编码后的密文就可以直接“翻译”为明文，但是可以通过向明文中添加混淆字符来达到加密的效果。

2.DES

DES是一种基于56位密钥的对称算法，1976年被美国联邦政府的国家标准局确定为联邦资料处理标准（FIPS），随后在国际上广泛流传开来。现在DES已经不是一种安全的加密算法，已被公开破解，现在DES已经被高级加密标准（AES）所代替。

3.3DES

3DES是DES的一种派生算法，主要提升了DES的一些实用所需的安全性。

4.AES

AES是现在对称加密算法中最流行的算法之一。

二、实现所需的一些库

为了实现上述的算法，我们可以实用JDK自带的实现，也可以使用一些开源的第三方库，例如Bouncy Castle（https://www.bouncycastle.org/）和comnons codec（https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-codec/）。

三、具体实现

1.base64

package com.tancky.security;
import java.io.IOException;
import sun.misc.base64Decoder;
import sun.misc.base64Encoder;
public class base64Demo {
 private static String src = "Testbase64";
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 base64Demo.jdkbase64();
 base64Demo.commonsCodecbase64 ();
 base64Demo.bouncyCastlebase64 ();
 }
 //使用JDK的base64实现，
 public static void jdkbase64 (){
 base64Encoder encoder = new base64Encoder();
 String encode = encoder.encode(base64Demo.src.getBytes());
 System.out.println("encode: " + encode);
 base64Decoder decoder = new base64Decoder();
 try {
  String decode = new String ( decoder.decodeBuffer(encode));
  System.out.println("decode: " + decode);
 } catch (IOException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
 } 
 }
 //使用apache的commonsCodec实现
 public static void commonsCodecbase64 (){
 byte[] encodeBytes = org.apache.commons.codec.binary.base64.encodebase64(base64Demo.src.getBytes());
 String encode = new String (encodeBytes);
 System.out.println("encode: " + encode);
 byte[] decodeBytes = org.apache.commons.codec.binary.base64.decodebase64(encode);
 String decode = new String(decodeBytes);
 System.out.println("decode: " + decode);
 }
 //使用bouncyCastlede实现
 public static void bouncyCastlebase64 () {
 byte[] encodeBytes = org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.base64.encode(base64Demo.src.getBytes()) ;
 String encode = new String (encodeBytes);
 System.out.println("encode: " + encode);
 byte[] decodeBytes = org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.base64.decode(encode);
 String decode = new String(decodeBytes);
 System.out.println("decode: " + decode);
 }
}

2.DES

package com.tancky.security;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
import java.security.Security;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.DESKeySpec;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
public class DESDemo {
 private static String src = "TestDES";
 public static void jdkDES () {
 try {
  //生成密钥Key
  KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES");
  keyGenerator.init(56);
  SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
  byte[] bytesKey = secretKey.getEncoded();
  //KEY转换
  DESKeySpec deSedeKeySpec = new DESKeySpec(bytesKey);
  SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DES");
  Key convertSecretKey = factory.generateSecret(deSedeKeySpec);
  //加密
  Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
  cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);
  byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(DESDemo.src.getBytes());
  System.out.println("DESEncode :" + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));
  //解密
  cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);
  byte[] DecodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
  System.out.println("DESDncode :" + new String (DecodeResult));
 } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }
 public static void bcDES (){
 try {
  //使用BouncyCastle 的DES加密
  Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
  //生成密钥Key
  KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES","BC");
  keyGenerator.init(56);
  SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
  byte[] bytesKey = secretKey.getEncoded();
  //KEY转换
  DESKeySpec deSedeKeySpec = new DESKeySpec(bytesKey);
  SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DES");
  Key convertSecretKey = factory.generateSecret(deSedeKeySpec);
  //加密
  Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
  cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);
  byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(DESDemo.src.getBytes());
  System.out.println("DESEncode :" + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));
  //解密
  cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);
  byte[] DecodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
  System.out.println("DESDncode :" + new String (DecodeResult));

 } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 DESDemo.jdkDES ();
 DESDemo.bcDES();
 }
}

3.3DES

package com.tancky.security;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
import java.security.Security;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.DESedeKeySpec;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
public class TripleDESDemo {
 private static String src = "TestTripleDES";
 public static void jdkTripleDES () {
 try {
  //生成密钥Key
  KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DESede");
  keyGenerator.init(168);
  SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
  byte[] bytesKey = secretKey.getEncoded();
  //KEY转换
  DESedeKeySpec deSedeKeySpec = new DESedeKeySpec(bytesKey);
  SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");
  Key convertSecretKey = factory.generateSecret(deSedeKeySpec);
  //加密
  Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
  cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);
  byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(TripleDESDemo.src.getBytes());
  System.out.println("TripleDESEncode :" + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));
  //解密
  cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);
  byte[] DecodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
  System.out.println("TripleDESDncode :" + new String (DecodeResult));
 } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }
public static void bcTripleDES () {
 try {
  Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
  //生成密钥Key
  KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DESede","BC");
  keyGenerator.getProvider();
  keyGenerator.init(168);
  SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
  byte[] bytesKey = secretKey.getEncoded();
  //KEY转换
  DESedeKeySpec deSedeKeySpec = new DESedeKeySpec(bytesKey);
  SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");
  Key convertSecretKey = factory.generateSecret(deSedeKeySpec);
  //加密
  Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
  cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);
  byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(TripleDESDemo.src.getBytes());
  System.out.println("TripleDESEncode :" + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));
  //解密
  cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);
  byte[] DecodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
  System.out.println("TripleDESDncode :" + new String (DecodeResult));
 } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 jdkTripleDES ();
 bcTripleDES ();
 }
}

4.AES

package com.tancky.security;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.Security;
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
public class AESDemo {
 private static String src = "TestAES";
 public static void jdkAES (){
 try {
  //生成Key
  KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
  keyGenerator.init(128); 
  //keyGenerator.init(128, new SecureRandom("seedseedseed".getBytes())); 
  //使用上面这种初始化方法可以特定种子来生成密钥，这样加密后的密文是唯一固定的。
  SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
  byte[] keyBytes = secretKey.getEncoded();
  //Key转换
  Key key = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES");
  //加密
  Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
  cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
  byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(AESDemo.src.getBytes());
  System.out.println("AESencode : " + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult) );
  //解密
  cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
  byte[] decodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
  System.out.println("AESdecode : " + new String (decodeResult));
 } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }
 public static void bcAES (){
 try {
  //使用BouncyCastle 的DES加密
  Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
  //生成Key
  KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES","BC");
  keyGenerator.getProvider();
  keyGenerator.init(128); 
  SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
  byte[] keyBytes = secretKey.getEncoded();
  //Key转换
  Key key = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES");
  //加密
  Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
  cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
  byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(AESDemo.src.getBytes());
  System.out.println("AESencode : " + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult) );
  //解密
  cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
  byte[] decodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
  System.out.println("AESdecode : " + new String (decodeResult));
 } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {
  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
  e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 jdkAES();
 bcAES();
 }
}

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