IOC装配Bean
(1)Spring框架Bean实例化的方式提供了三种方式实例化Bean
- 构造方法实例化(默认无参数,用的最多)
- 静态工厂实例化
- 实例工厂实例化
下面先写这三种方法的applicationContext.xml配置文件:
Bean1类
public class Bean1 {
//必须提供无参的构造函数 系统有默认无参的构造函数
}
Bean2类
public class Bean2 {
private static Bean2 Bean2 = new Bean2();
private Bean2() {
}
public static Bean2 createInstance() {
return Bean2;
}
}
Bean3类
public class Bean3 {
}
Bean3Factory类
public class Bean3Factory {
private Bean3Factory(){
}
public Bean3 getInstance(){
return new Bean3();
}
}
测试类InstanceDemo
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class InstanceDemo {
//实例化工厂方法
@Test
public void demo3(){
//加载配置文件 创建工厂
ApplicationContext applicationContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Bean3 bean3 =(Bean3) applicationContext.getBean("bean3");
System.out.println(bean3);
}
//静态工厂方法
@Test
public void demo2(){
//加载配置文件 创建工厂
ApplicationContext applicationContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Bean2 bean2 =(Bean2) applicationContext.getBean("bean2");
System.out.println(bean2);
}
//构造方法得到bean对象
@Test
public void demo1(){
//加载配置文件 创建工厂
ApplicationContext applicationContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Bean1 bean1 =(Bean1) applicationContext.getBean("bean1");
System.out.println(bean1);
}
}
(2).Bean的其他配置:
一般情况下,装配一个Bean时,通过指定一个id属性作为Bean的名称
id 属性在IoC容器中必须是唯一的
id 的命名要满足XML对ID属性命名规范 必须以字母开始,可以使用字母、数字、连字符、下划线、句话、冒号
如果Bean的名称中含有特殊字符,就需要使用name属性 例如:
因为name属性可以相同,所以后出现Bean会覆盖之前出现的同名的Bean
id和name的区别:
id遵守XML约束的id的约束.id约束保证这个属性的值是唯一的,而且必须以字母开始,可以使用字母、数字、连字符、下划线、句话、冒号
name没有这些要求
如果bean标签上没有配置id,那么name可以作为id.
Bean的scope属性
* singleton :单例的.(默认的值.)
* prototype :多例的.
* request :web开发中.创建了一个对象,将这个对象存入request范围,request.setAttribute();
* session :web开发中.创建了一个对象,将这个对象存入session范围,session.setAttribute();
* globalSession :一般用于Porlet应用环境.指的是分布式开发.不是porlet环境,globalSession等同于session;
3.Bean属性的依赖注入
前面已经知道如何获得对象,那我们接下来要知道如果给对象对象的属性赋值。
下面通过举例说明:
Car 类
public class Car {
private String name;
private double price;
public Car(String name, double price) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.price = price;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Car [name=" + name + ", price=" + price + "]";
}
}
Car2类
public class Car2 {
private String name;
private double price;
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Car2 [name=" + name + ", price=" + price + "]";
}
}
CarInfo类
public class CarInfo {
public String getName(){
return "哈弗H6";
}
public double caculatePrice(){
return 110000;
}
}
CollectionBean类
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;
public class CollectionBean {
private String name;
private Integer age;
private List hobbies;
private Set numbers;
private Map map;
private Properties properties;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public List getHobbies() {
return hobbies;
}
public void setHobbies(List hobbies) {
this.hobbies = hobbies;
}
public Set getNumbers() {
return numbers;
}
public void setNumbers(Set numbers) {
this.numbers = numbers;
}
public Map getMap() {
return map;
}
public void setMap(Map map) {
this.map = map;
}
public Properties getProperties() {
return properties;
}
public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
this.properties = properties;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "CollectionBean [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", hobbies=" + hobbies + ", numbers=" + numbers
+ ", map=" + map + ", properties=" + properties + "]";
}
}
Employee类
public class Employee {
private String name;
private Car2 car2;
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setCar2(Car2 car2) {
this.car2 = car2;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee [name=" + name + ", car2=" + car2 + "]";
}
}
TestDi测试类
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TestDi {
@Test
public void demo6() {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
CollectionBean collectionBean = (CollectionBean) applicationContext.getBean("collectionBean");
System.out.println(collectionBean);
}
@Test
public void demo5() {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Car2 car2 = (Car2) applicationContext.getBean("car2_2");
System.out.println(car2);
}
@Test
public void demo4() {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Employee e = (Employee) applicationContext.getBean("employee2");
System.out.println(e);
}
@Test
public void demo3() {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Employee e = (Employee) applicationContext.getBean("employee");
System.out.println(e);
}
@Test
public void demo2() {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Car2 car2 = (Car2) applicationContext.getBean("car2");
System.out.println(car2);
}
@Test
public void demo1() {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Car car = (Car) applicationContext.getBean("car");
System.out.println(car);
}
}
上面这几个类都不是最主要的,我们主要是来看配置文件怎么写,这才是最关键的:
applicationContext.xml
吃饭 睡觉 敲代码 10 20 30 40 50 杭州归谷 200
有关applicationContext.xml这个配置文件里的内容一定要看懂,我写的还是比较基础和全面的。
有关命名空间p的使用我这里在解释下:
p:<属性名>="xxx" 引入常量值
p:<属性名>-ref="xxx" 引用其它Bean对象
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持考高分网。



