1 简介:
JDK提供的java.util.Properties类继承自Hashtable类并且实现了Map接口,是使用一种键值对的形式来保存属性集,其中键和值都是字符串类型。
java.util.Properties类提供了getProperty()和setProperty()方法来操作属性文件,同时使用load()方法和store()方法加载和保存Properties配置文件。
java.util.ResourceBundle类也提供了读取Properties配置文件的方法,ResourceBundle是一个抽象类。
2.Properties中的主要方法
1)load(InputStream inStream):该方法可以从.properties属性文件对应的文件数入流中,加载属性列表到Properties类对象中。load有两个方法的重载:load(InputStream inStream)、load(Reader reader),可根据不同的方式来加载属性文件。
InputStream inStream = TestProperties.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("demo.properties");
//通过当前类加载器的getResourceAsStream方法获取
//TestProperties当前类名;TestProperties.class.取得当前对象所属的Class对象; getClassLoader():取得该Class对象的类装载器
InputStream in = ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream("filePath");
InputStream inStream = new FileInputStream(new File("filePath")); //从文件获取
InputStream in = context.getResourceAsStream("filePath"); //在servlet中,可以通过context来获取InputStream
InputStream inStream = new URL("path").openStream(); //通过URL来获取
读取方法如下:
Properties pro = new Properties(); //实例化一个Properties对象
InputStream inStream = new FileInputStream("demo.properties"); //获取属性文件的文件输入流
pro.load(nStream);
inStream.close();
2)store(OutputStream out,String comments):这个方法将Properties类对象的属性列表写入.properties配置文件。如下:
FileOutputStream outStream = new FileOutputStream("demo.properties");
pro.store(outStream,"Comment");
outStream.close();
3 ResourceBundle中的主要方法
通过ResourceBundle.getBundle()静态方法来获取,此方法获取properties属性文件不需要加.properties后缀名。也可以从InputStream中获取ResourceBundle对象。
ResourceBundle resource = ResourceBundle.getBundle("com/xiang/demo");//emo为属性文件名,放在包com.xiang下,如果是放在src下,直接用test即可
ResourceBundle resource1 = new PropertyResourceBundle(inStream);
String value = resource.getString("name");
在使用中遇到的问题可能是配置文件的路径,当配置文件不在当前类所在的包下,则需要使用包名限定;若属性文件在src根目录下,则直接使用demo.properties或demo即可。
4 Properties操作实例
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
public class PropsUtil {
private String path = "";
private Properties properties ;
public PropsUtil() {}
public PropsUtil(String path) {
this.path = path;
}
public Properties loadProps(){
InputStream inStream = ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream(path);
try {
if(inStream==null)
throw new FileNotFoundException(path + " file is not found");
properties = new Properties();
properties.load(inStream);
inStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return properties;
}
public void writeFile(){
// 获取文件输出流
try {
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream( new File(ClassLoader.getSystemResource(path).toURI()));
properties.store(outputStream, null);
outputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public String getValueByKey(String key) {
if(properties==null)
properties = loadProps();
String val = properties.getProperty(key.trim());
return val;
}
public String getValueByKey(String key,String defaultValue){
if(properties==null)
properties = loadProps();
return properties.getProperty(key, defaultValue);
}
public Map getAllProperties() {
if(properties==null)
properties = loadProps();
Map map = new HashMap();
// 获取所有的键值
Iterator it=properties.stringPropertyNames().iterator();
while(it.hasNext()){
String key=it.next();
map.put(key, properties.getProperty(key));
}
return map;
}
public void addProperties(String key, String value) {
if(properties==null)
properties = loadProps();
properties.setProperty(key, value);
try {
writeFile();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("write fail");
}
}
public void update(String key,String value){
if(properties==null)
properties = loadProps();
if(properties.containsKey(key))
properties.replace(key, value);
try {
writeFile();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("write fail");
}
}
public void deleteByKey(String key){
if(properties==null)
properties = loadProps();
if(!properties.containsKey(key))
throw new RuntimeException("not such key");
properties.remove(key);
try {
writeFile();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("write fail");
}
}
public void setPath(String path){
this.path = path;
}
}
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持考高分网。



