Java 无参数构造函数的应用

创建类时指定了有参数构造函数后，系统默认不会创建无参数构造函数，需要自己手动创建。

创建子类的对象实例时，默认会先调用父类的无参数的构造函数（默认构造函数）。

若父类未定义无参数构造函数，则在编译阶段报错。

若子类指定了父类的有参构造函数，则可以通过编译和运行。

子类声明super(id, city)显示调用父类有参构造函数

package cn.lw.testpkg;


class Predessor {
  private int id;
  private String city;
  
  public Predessor(int id, String city) {
    this.id = id;
    this.city = city;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "Predessor [id=" + id + ", city=" + city + "]";
  }
}

class Successor extends Predessor {
  private String name;
  private String sex;
  
  public Successor(String name, String sex, int id, String city) {
    super(id, city);
    this.name = name;
    this.sex = sex;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "Successor [name=" + name + ", sex=" + sex + "]";
  }
}

public class CallConstructorTest {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Successor s2 = new Successor("A", "male", 1, "HZ");
    System.out.println(s2);
  }

}

输出

Successor [name=A, sex=male]

父类未定义无参数构造函数，子类不声明super(id, city)

public Successor(String name, String sex) {
  this.name = name;
  this.sex = sex;
}

编译报错

Implicit super constructor Predessor() is undefined. Must explicitly invoke another constructor

父类显示定义无参数构造函数，方法调用的传递性

package cn.lw.testpkg;


class Predessor {
  private int id;
  private String city;
  
  public Predessor() {
    System.out.println("调用了 Predessor 无参的构造函数");
  }

  public Predessor(int id, String city) {
    this.id = id;
    this.city = city;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "Predessor [id=" + id + ", city=" + city + "]";
  }
}

class Successor extends Predessor {
  private String name;
  private String sex;
  
  public Successor() {
    System.out.println("调用了 Successor 无参的构造函数");
  }

  public Successor(String name, String sex) {
    this.name = name;
    this.sex = sex;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "Successor [name=" + name + ", sex=" + sex + "]";
  }
}

public class CallConstructorTest {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Successor s = new Successor();
    System.out.println(s);
    System.out.println("--------------");
    Successor s2 = new Successor("A", "male");
    System.out.println(s2);
  }

}

输出

调用了 Predessor 无参的构造函数
调用了 Successor 无参的构造函数
Successor [name=null, sex=null]
--------------
调用了 Predessor 无参的构造函数
Successor [name=A, sex=male]

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