使用Junit或者TestNG可以进行单体测试，这篇文章简单说明一下如何在Spring boot的项目中使用Junit进行单体测试。
pom设定
pom中需要添加spring-boot-starter-test
org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-testtest
确认依赖
使用Java进行Unit测试至少需要Junit之类的测试框架，另外spring boot相关的测试还应该有一些Mock相关的依赖，这个spring-boot-starter-test到底包含什么，可以使用maven dependency来进行确认一下。
使用命令：mvn dependency:tree
结果信息：
[INFO] --- maven-dependency-plugin:3.0.2:tree (default-cli) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] com.liumiaocn:springbootdemo:jar:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT [INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-autoconfigure:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-logging:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | | +- ch.qos.logback:logback-classic:jar:1.2.3:compile [INFO] | | | | - ch.qos.logback:logback-core:jar:1.2.3:compile [INFO] | | | +- org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-to-slf4j:jar:2.10.0:compile [INFO] | | | | - org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-api:jar:2.10.0:compile [INFO] | | | - org.slf4j:jul-to-slf4j:jar:1.7.25:compile [INFO] | | +- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:jar:1.3.2:compile [INFO] | | - org.yaml:snakeyaml:jar:1.19:runtime [INFO] | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-json:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:jar:2.9.7:compile [INFO] | | | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:jar:2.9.0:compile [INFO] | | | - com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:jar:2.9.7:compile [INFO] | | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype:jackson-datatype-jdk8:jar:2.9.7:compile [INFO] | | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype:jackson-datatype-jsr310:jar:2.9.7:compile [INFO] | | - com.fasterxml.jackson.module:jackson-module-parameter-names:jar:2.9.7:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | +- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:jar:8.5.34:compile [INFO] | | +- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:jar:8.5.34:compile [INFO] | | - org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-websocket:jar:8.5.34:compile [INFO] | +- org.hibernate.validator:hibernate-validator:jar:6.0.13.Final:compile [INFO] | | +- javax.validation:validation-api:jar:2.0.1.Final:compile [INFO] | | +- org.jboss.logging:jboss-logging:jar:3.3.2.Final:compile [INFO] | | - com.fasterxml:classmate:jar:1.3.4:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-web:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | | - org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | - org.springframework:spring-webmvc:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-aop:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-context:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | - org.springframework:spring-expression:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile [INFO] - org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:test [INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-test:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:test [INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-test-autoconfigure:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:test [INFO] +- com.jayway.jsonpath:json-path:jar:2.4.0:test [INFO] | +- net.minidev:json-smart:jar:2.3:test [INFO] | | - net.minidev:accessors-smart:jar:1.2:test [INFO] | | - org.ow2.asm:asm:jar:5.0.4:test [INFO] | - org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.7.25:compile [INFO] +- junit:junit:jar:4.12:test [INFO] +- org.assertj:assertj-core:jar:3.9.1:test [INFO] +- org.mockito:mockito-core:jar:2.15.0:test [INFO] | +- net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy:jar:1.7.11:test [INFO] | +- net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy-agent:jar:1.7.11:test [INFO] | - org.objenesis:objenesis:jar:2.6:test [INFO] +- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:jar:1.3:test [INFO] +- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:jar:1.3:test [INFO] +- org.skyscreamer:jsonassert:jar:1.5.0:test [INFO] | - com.vaadin.external.google:android-json:jar:0.0.20131108.vaadin1:test [INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-core:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile [INFO] | - org.springframework:spring-jcl:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:compile [INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-test:jar:5.0.10.RELEASE:test [INFO] - org.xmlunit:xmlunit-core:jar:2.5.1:test
在org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test:jar:2.0.6.RELEASE:test下面我们看到了junit:junit:jar:4.12:test以及org.mockito:mockito-core:jar:2.15.0:test的信息，这是spring boot已经整理完毕的内容，我们只需要写TestCase即可。
创建测试目录
根据惯例创建测试目录如下：
liumiaocn:src liumiao$ ls main test liumiaocn:src liumiao$ find . -type d . ./test ./test/java ./test/java/com ./test/java/com/liumiaocn ./test/java/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo ./main ./main/resources ./main/java ./main/java/com ./main/java/com/liumiaocn ./main/java/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo liumiaocn:src liumiao$
创建测试用例
代码示例
liumiaocn:src liumiao$ cat ./test/java/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/SpringbootdemoApplicationTests.java
package com.liumiaocn.springbootdemo;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringbootdemoApplicationTests {
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
}
}
liumiaocn:src liumiao$
代码说明
- COC：根据惯例进行定义测试类的名称
- SpringBootTest注解：SpringBootTest是1.4之后引入的一个注解，使得springboot的测试变得更加方便
- RunWith注解：使用了此注解的情况下，JUnit会调用RunWith中所指定的类。不同的框架提供相应的Runner用于测试，比如Junit自己的JUnit4.class，在比如spring的SpringJUnit4ClassRunner或者SpringRunner，都可与之结合使用。
- Test注解：Junit的常用注解之一，用于定义测试方法，不再赘述。
执行测试
命令： mvn test
部分执行内容如下：
[INFO] Results: [INFO] [INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
在实施的结果中可以看到运行起来的测试用例为1个，没有失败/跳过/出错的。
小结
通过spring-boot-starter-test的引入，在springboot中已经做好所有单元测试的准备，根据惯例的方式设定测试目录和文件名称，结合使用springboottest等注解，可以使用Junit对springboot的应用进行测试。最后使用mvn test即可运行相关的测试用例并可确认结果，后面将会进一步说明如何与sonarqube以及jacoco等进行结合确认代码扫描等。
总结
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