浅谈Java HttpURLConnection请求方式

一）URL代理请求 ​

该方式请求有两种代理方式。

方式一：使用该方式代理之后，之后的所有接口都会使用代理请求

// 对http开启全局代理
System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", "192.168.1.1");
System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", "80");
 
// 对https开启全局代理
System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", "192.168.1.1");
System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", "80");

方式二：适用于只有部分接口需要代理请求场景

Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress("192.168.1.1", 80));
HttpURLConnection conn = null;
try {
  URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/ouyangjun");
  conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
}

二）无参数GET请求

方法解析：

HttpGetUtils.doGetNoParameters(String requestURL, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort);

requestURL：请求路径，必填

proxyHost：代理IP，即服务器代理地址，可为null

proxyPort：代理端口，可为null

说明：一般本地测试几乎是不会用代理的，只有服务器用代理方式请求比较多。

实现源码：

package com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils; 
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.Proxy;
import java.net.Proxy.Type;
import java.net.URL;
 

public class HttpGetUtils {
 
  
  public static String doGetNoParameters(String requestURL, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort) {
    // 记录信息
    StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
 
    HttpURLConnection conn = null;
    try {
      URL url = new URL(requestURL);
      // 判断是否需要代理模式请求http
      if (proxyHost != null && proxyPort != null) {
 // 如果是本机自己测试, 不需要代理请求,但发到服务器上的时候需要代理请求
 // 对http开启全局代理
 //System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", proxyHost);
 //System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", proxyPort);
 // 对https开启全局代理
 //System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", proxyHost);
 //System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", proxyPort);
  
 // 代理访问http请求
 Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyPort));
 conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
      } else {
 // 原生访问http请求，未代理请求
 conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
      }
  
      // 设置请求的属性
      conn.setDoOutput(true); // 是否可以输出
      conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); // 请求方式, 只包含"GET", "POST", "HEAD", "OPTIONS", "PUT", "DELETE", "TRACE"六种
      conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高超时时间
      conn.setReadTimeout(60000); // 最高读取时间
      conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高连接时间
  
      // 读取数据
      InputStream is = null;
      InputStreamReader inputReader = null;
      BufferedReader reader = null;
      try {
 is = conn.getInputStream();
 inputReader = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8");
 reader = new BufferedReader(inputReader);
  
 String temp;
 while ((temp = reader.readLine()) != null) {
   buffer.append(temp);
 }
      } catch (Exception e) {
 System.out.println("HttpGetUtils doGetNoParameters error: " + e);
      } finally {
 try {
   if (reader != null) {
     reader.close();
   }
   if (inputReader != null) {
     inputReader.close();
   }
   if (is != null) {
     is.close();
   }
 } catch (IOException e) {
   System.out.println("HttpGetUtils doGetNoParameters error: " + e);
 }
      }
    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
      // 当http连接空闲时, 释放资源
      if (conn != null) {
 conn.disconnect();
      }
    }
    // 返回信息
    return buffer.length()==0 ? "" : buffer.toString();
  }
}

三）带参数POST请求

方法解析：

HttpPostUtils.doPost(String requestURL, String params, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort);

requestURL：请求路径，必填

params：请求参数，必填，数据格式为JSON

proxyHost：代理IP，即服务器代理地址，可为null

proxyPort：代理端口，可为null

说明：一般本地测试几乎是不会用代理的，只有服务器用代理方式请求比较多。

实现源码：

package com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils;
 
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.Proxy;
import java.net.Proxy.Type;
import java.net.URL;
 

public class HttpPostUtils {
 
  
  public static String doPost(String requestURL, String params, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort) {
    // 记录信息
    StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
 
    HttpURLConnection conn = null;
    try {
      URL url = new URL(requestURL);
      // 判断是否需要代理模式请求http
      if (proxyHost != null && proxyPort != null) {
 // 如果是本机自己测试, 不需要代理请求,但发到服务器上的时候需要代理请求
 // 对http开启全局代理
 //System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", proxyHost);
 //System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", proxyPort);
 // 对https开启全局代理
 //System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", proxyHost);
 //System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", proxyPort);
  
 // 代理访问http请求
 Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyPort));
 conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
      } else {
 // 原生访问http请求，未代理请求
 conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
      }
  
      // 设置请求的属性
      conn.setDoOutput(true); // 是否可以输出
      conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 请求方式, 只包含"GET", "POST", "HEAD", "OPTIONS", "PUT", "DELETE", "TRACE"六种
      conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高超时时间
      conn.setReadTimeout(60000); // 最高读取时间
      conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高连接时间
  
      conn.setDoInput(true); // 是否可以输入
      if (params != null) {
 // 设置参数为json格式
 conn.setRequestProperty("Content-type", "application/json");
  
 // 写入参数信息
 OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();
 try {
   os.write(params.getBytes("UTF-8"));
 } catch (Exception e) {
   System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
 } finally {
   try {
     if (os != null) {
os.close();
     }
   } catch (IOException e) {
     System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
   }
 }
      }
  
      // 读取数据
      InputStream is = null;
      InputStreamReader inputReader = null;
      BufferedReader reader = null;
      try {
 is = conn.getInputStream();
 inputReader = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8");
 reader = new BufferedReader(inputReader);
  
 String temp;
 while ((temp = reader.readLine()) != null) {
   buffer.append(temp);
 }
      } catch (Exception e) {
 System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
      } finally {
 try {
   if (reader != null) {
     reader.close();
   }
   if (inputReader != null) {
     inputReader.close();
   }
   if (is != null) {
     is.close();
   }
 } catch (IOException e) {
   System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
 }
      }
    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
      // 当http连接空闲时, 释放资源
      if (conn != null) {
 conn.disconnect();
      }
    }
    // 返回信息
    return buffer.length()==0 ? "" : buffer.toString();
  }
}

四）Http模拟测试

本案例是使用了微信公众号两个接口作为了测试案例。

appID和appsecret需要申请了微信公众号才能获取到。

package com.ouyangjun.wechat.test; 
import com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils.HttpGetUtils;
import com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils.HttpPostUtils;
 
public class TestHttp {
 
  private final static String WECHAT_APPID=""; // appid, 需申请微信公众号才能拿到
  private final static String WECHAT_APPSECRET=""; // appsecret, 需申请微信公众号才能拿到
 
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // 获取微信公众号token
    getWeChatToken();
 
    // 修改用户备注信息
    String token = "31_1uw5em_HrgkfXok6drZkDZLKsBfbNJr9WTdzdkc_Tdat-9tpOezWsNI6tBMkyPe_zDHjErIS1r0dgnTpT5bfKXcASShJVhPqumivRP21PvQe3Cbfztgs1IL2Jpy7kw3Y09bC1urlWzDA52mtEDGcADAVUX";
    String openid = "oCh4n0-6JKQpJgBOPA5tytoYb0VY";
    updateUserRemark(token, openid);
  }
 
  
  public static String getWeChatToken() {
    String requestURL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="+WECHAT_APPID+"&secret="+WECHAT_APPSECRET;
 
    String token = HttpGetUtils.doGetNoParameters(requestURL, null, null);
    System.out.println("wechat token: " + token);
    return token;
  }
 
  
  public static String updateUserRemark(String token, String openid) {
    String reuqestURL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info/updateremark?access_token="+token;
    // 封装json参数
    String jsonParams = "{"openid":""+openid+"","remark":"oysept"}";
 
    String msg = HttpPostUtils.doPost(reuqestURL, jsonParams, null, null);
    System.out.println("msg: " + msg);
    return jsonParams;
  }
}

补充知识：Java HttpURLConnection post set params 设置请求参数的三种方法 实践总结

我就废话不多说了，大家还是直接看代码吧~

      

      byte[] bytesParams = paramsStr.getBytes();
      // 发送请求params参数
      OutputStream outStream=connection.getOutputStream();
      outStream.write(bytesParams);
      outStream.flush();

      

PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(connection.getOutputStream());
      //PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream(),"UTF-8"));
      // 发送请求params参数
      printWriter.write(paramsStr);
      printWriter.flush();

      
      OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(
   connection.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
      // 发送请求params参数
      out.write(paramsStr);
      out.flush();

demo：

 
  private static String postUrlBackStr(String pathurl, String paramsStr) {
    String backStr = "";
    InputStream inputStream = null;
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
    try {
      URL url = new URL(pathurl);
      HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
      // 设定请求的方法为"POST"，默认是GET
      connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
      connection.setConnectTimeout(50000);
      connection.setReadTimeout(50000);
     // User-Agent IE11 的标识
      connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.3; Trident/7.0;rv:11.0)like Gecko");
      connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN");
      connection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
      connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
      
      // 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入，默认情况下是true;
      connection.setDoInput(true);
      // 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出，如果是post请求，参数要放在http正文内，因此需要设为true, 默认是false;
      connection.setDoOutput(true);
      connection.setUseCaches(false);

      
     

      
      

      
      OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(
   connection.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
      // 发送请求params参数
      out.write(paramsStr);
      out.flush();


      connection.connect();//
      int contentLength = connection.getContentLength();
      if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {
 inputStream = connection.getInputStream();//会隐式调用connect()
 baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
 int readLen;
 byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
 while ((readLen = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
   baos.write(bytes, 0, readLen);
 }
 backStr = baos.toString();
 Log.i(TAG, "backStr:" + backStr);

      } else {
 Log.e(TAG, "请求失败 code:" + connection.getResponseCode());
      }

    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
      try {
 if (baos != null) {
   baos.close();
 }
 if (inputStream != null) {
   inputStream.close();
 }
      } catch (IOException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }
    return backStr;
  }

以上这篇浅谈Java HttpURLConnection请求方式就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持考高分网。