Spring Boot 集成 Sharding-JDBC + Mybatis-Plus 实现分库分表功能

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Sharding-jdbc是开源的数据库操作中间件；定位为轻量级Java框架，在Java的JDBC层提供的额外服务。它使用客户端直连数据库，以jar包形式提供服务，无需额外部署和依赖，可理解为增强版的JDBC驱动，完全兼容JDBC和各种ORM框架。

官方文档地址：https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/overview/

本文demo实现了分库分表功能。如有错误，欢迎各位在评论中指出。不胜感激！

首先创建一个一般的Spring boot项目，项目采用三层架构，结构图如下：

POM.xml文件如下：

  4.0.0
  
    org.springframework.boot
    spring-boot-starter-parent
    2.1.6.RELEASE
     
  
  com.macky
  spring-boot-shardingjdbc
  0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
  spring-boot-shardingjdbc
  Demo project for spring-boot-shardingjdbc
 
  
    1.8
  
 
  
    
      org.springframework.boot
      spring-boot-starter-web
    
 
    
      org.springframework.boot
      spring-boot-starter-test
      test
    
    
    
      mysql
      mysql-connector-java
      runtime
    
    
    
      com.baomidou
      mybatis-plus-boot-starter
      3.1.1
    
    
    
    
      io.shardingsphere
      sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter
      3.1.0
    
    
    
      io.shardingsphere
      sharding-jdbc-spring-namespace
      3.1.0
    
    
    
    
      org.projectlombok
      lombok
    
  
 
  
    
      
 org.springframework.boot
 spring-boot-maven-plugin
      
    
  
 

实体类以书本为例

package com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.entity;
 
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.activerecord.Model;
import groovy.transform.EqualsAndHashCode;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
 

@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)
@Accessors(chain = true)
@TableName("book")
public class Book extends Model {
  private int id;
  private String name;
  private int count;
}

开放保存和查询两个接口，代码如下：

package com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.controller;
 
import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.entity.Book;
import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
 
import java.util.List;
 

@RestController
public class BookController {
 
  @Autowired
  BookService bookService;
 
  @RequestMapping(value = "/book", method = RequestMethod.GET)
  public List getItems(){
    return bookService.getBookList();
  }
 
  @RequestMapping(value = "/book",method = RequestMethod.POST)
  public Boolean saveItem(Book book){
    return bookService.save(book);
  }
}

BookServiceImpl.java

package com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.service.impl;
 
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.toolkit.Wrappers;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.entity.Book;
import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.mapper.BookMapper;
import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
import java.util.List;
 

@Service
public class BookServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl implements BookService {
 
  @Override
  public List getBookList() {
    return baseMapper.selectList(Wrappers.lambdaQuery());
  }
 
  @Override
  public boolean save(Book book) {
    return super.save(book);
  }
}

BookMapper.java

package com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.mapper;
 
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.baseMapper;
import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.entity.Book;
 

public interface BookMapper extends baseMapper {
}

创建数据库表，DDL语句如下

创建数据库表数据
CREATE DATAbase IF NOT EXISTS `db0`;
USE `db0`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_0`;
CREATE TABLE `book_0` (
 `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,
 `name` VARCHAr ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )
) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_1`;
CREATE TABLE `book_1` (
 `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,
 `name` VARCHAr ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )
) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
 
CREATE DATAbase IF NOT EXISTS `db1`;
USE `db1`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_0`;
CREATE TABLE `book_0` (
 `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,
 `name` VARCHAr ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )
) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_1`;
CREATE TABLE `book_1` (
 `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,
 `name` VARCHAr ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )
) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
 
CREATE DATAbase IF NOT EXISTS `db2`;
USE `db2`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_0`;
CREATE TABLE `book_0` (
 `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,
 `name` VARCHAr ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )
) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_1`;
CREATE TABLE `book_1` (
 `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,
 `name` VARCHAr ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )
) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;

配置分库分表策略application.properties：

> 推荐一个艿艿写的 3000+ Star 的 SpringCloud Alibaba 电商开源项目的仓库：
 
# 数据源 db0,db1,db2
sharding.jdbc.datasource.names=db0,db1,db2
# 第一个数据库
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db0?useUnicode=true&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTC
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.username=root
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.password=Aa123456
 
# 第二个数据库
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1?useUnicode=true&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTC
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.username=root
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.password=Aa123456
 
# 第三个数据库
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2?useUnicode=true&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTC
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.username=root
sharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.password=Aa123456
 
# 水平拆分的数据库（表） 配置分库 + 分表策略 行表达式分片策略
# 分库策略
sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.default-database-strategy.inline.sharding-column=id
sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.default-database-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=db$->{id % 3}
 
# 分表策略 其中book为逻辑表 分表主要取决于id行
sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.book.actual-data-nodes=db$->{0..2}.book_$->{0..2}
sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.book.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=count
# 分片算法表达式
sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.book.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=book_$->{count % 3}
 
# 主键 UUID 18位数 如果是分布式还要进行一个设置 防止主键重复
#sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.user.key-generator-column-name=id
 
# 打印执行的数据库以及语句
sharding.jdbc.config.props..sql.show=true
spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding=true
 
#读写分离
sharding.jdbc.datasource.dsmaster =

接口测试使用postman

示例：

• GET请求------>http://localhost:8080/book
• POST请求：------->http://localhost:8080/book?id=1&name=java编程思想&count=8

demo的github地址：

https://github.com/Macky-He/spring-boot--shardingsphere-examples 如各位觉得有帮助的话，还请给个star鼓励鼓励博主，谢谢！

分库分表实现按照官方文档做一个demo是第一步，如需深入还需要研究源码，研究架构，研究思想；此文仅作为入门demo搭建指南，如需深入理解，还请移步至官方文档。

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