目录

前言

 一、其他表单

二、设置博客的格式

三、在线博客

四、在更多情况下显示404错误页面

五、扩展“学习笔记”

1.修改模型

2.添加页面

3.修改html文件

这里是《Python从入门到实践》的练习答案，如果有错误或者可以改进的地方欢迎在评论区指正

 一、其他表单

下面是官方文档，大家有兴趣可以自行探索哦

Bootstrap官方文档

 new_topic 页面

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% load bootstrap4 %}

{% block content %}
  
Add a new topic:

  

    {% csrf_token %}
    {% bootstrap_form form %}
    {% buttons %}
      
        Add topic
    {% endbuttons %}
  

{% endblock content %}

 

 new_entry 页面

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% load bootstrap4 %}

{% block content %}

  

    {{ topic }}

  
Add a new entry:
  
    

      {% csrf_token %}
      {% bootstrap_form form %}
      {% buttons %}
        
          Add topic
      {% endbuttons %}

    
  
  

{% endblock content %}

 同理 edit_entry 页面

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% load bootstrap4 %}

{% block content %}

  

    {{ topic }}

  
Edit entry:

  

    {% csrf_token %}
    {% bootstrap_form form %}
    {% buttons %}
      
        Save changes
    {% endbuttons %}
  

{% endblock content %}

---

二、设置博客的格式

重写全部html文件

base.html

{% load bootstrap4 %}




  
  
  

  {% bootstrap_css %}
  {% bootstrap_javascript jquery='full' %}



  
  

  

    
		{% block page_header %}{% endblock page_header %}
	
	
		{% block content %}{% endblock content %}
	
  

edit_blog.html

{%extends 'blogs/base.html'%}
{% load bootstrap4 %}

{%block content%}
	
{{ title }}
	
Edit Blog:
	

		{% csrf_token %}
		{% bootstrap_form form %}
    	{% buttons %}
      	
        	Save changes
    	{% endbuttons %}
	

{%endblock content%}

new_blog.html

{{%extends 'blogs/base.html'%}
{% load bootstrap4 %}

{% block page_header %}
  Add A New Blog
{% endblock page_header %}

{%block content%}

	

		{% csrf_token %}
		{% bootstrap_form form %}
    	{% buttons %}
      	
        	Add This Blog
    	{% endbuttons %}
	

{%endblock content%}

index.html

{%extends 'blogs/base.html'%}

{% block page_header %}
BLOG 主页
{% endblock page_header %}

{%block content%}

  

  {%for blogpost in blogposts%}
    
      

        {{ blogpost.date_added|date:'Y/m/d, H:i' }}
        
          Edit Blog
      
      
        {{blogpost.title}}
        {{blogpost|linebreaks}}
      
    

  {%empty%}
    
No blogs have been added yet.
  {%endfor%}
  
  
{%endblock content%}

login.html

{% extends 'blogs/base.html' %}
{% load bootstrap4 %}

{% block page_header %}
  Log in to your account.
{% endblock page_header %}
  
{% block content %}

  

    {% csrf_token %}
    {% bootstrap_form form %}
    {% buttons %}
      Log in
    {% endbuttons %}
    
  

{% endblock content %}

logged_out.html 

{% extends 'blogs/base.html' %}

{% block content %}

  
You have been logged out. Thank you for visiting!

{% endblock content %}

register.html

{% extends 'blogs/base.html' %}
{% load bootstrap4 %}

{% block page_header %}
  Register Here
{% endblock page_header %}

{% block content %}

  

    {% csrf_token %}
    {% bootstrap_form form %}
    	{% buttons %}
      	
        	Add This Blog
    	{% endbuttons %}
    
  

{% endblock content %}

结果：

---

三、在线博客

部署到云服务器比较麻烦，这里给大家推荐几个博客

windows Git Heroku下载、Heroku注册问题

Outlook 邮箱注册教程

Heroku CLI 官方链接在此：

Heroku CLI 官方安装地址（含Git 官方安装地址)
安装psycopg2==2.7.*报错

heroku不能登录

现在唯一的问题是注册heroku时需要翻墙才能获得验证码，如果有大佬有方法绕过或者有梯子可以在评论区分享

这一题步骤与书上代码应该一样，这里就不赘述了，上面的博客应该能解决大部分问题

---

四、在更多情况下显示404错误页面

修改views.py

--snip--
@login_required
def new_entry(request, topic_id):
    """在特定主题中添加新条目"""
    topic = get_object_or_404(Topic, id=topic_id)
    check_topic_owner(topic, request)

    if request.method != 'POST':
        # 未提交数据，创建一个空表单
        form = EntryForm()
    --snip--

@login_required
def edit_entry(request, entry_id):
    """编辑既有条目"""
    entry = get_object_or_404(Entry, id=entry_id)
    topic = entry.topic
    check_topic_owner(topic, request)

    if request.method != 'POST':
        """初次请求"""
        --snip

效果：

---

五、扩展“学习笔记”

在主页中对项目做更详细的描述

修改index.html 添加一条中文描述

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}

{% block page_header %}
  
    Track your learning.

    
Make your own Learning Log, and keep a list of the
        topics you're learning about.Whenever you learn something new
        about a topic, make an entry summarizing what you've learned.
    

      Learning Log 能让用户记录感兴趣的主题，并在学习每个主题的过程中添加
日志条目。

    Register »
  

{% endblock page_header %}

效果：

 添加将主题设置为公开的功能

1.修改模型

修改models.py中Topic模型 加一个public属性

class Topic(models.Model):
    """用户学习的主题"""
    text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    date_added = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    owner = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    public = models.BooleanField(default=False)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.text

2.添加页面

修改urls.py 增加一个新的页面显示公共的主题

"""定义 learning_logs 的 URL 模式"""

from django.urls import path

from . import views

app_name = 'learning_logs'
urlpatterns = [
    # 主页
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
    # 显示所有主题
    path('topics/', views.topics, name='topics'),
    # 特定主题的详细页面
    path('topics//', views.topic, name='topic'),
    # 用于添加新主题的页面
    path('new_topic/', views.new_topic, name='new_topic'),
    # 用于添加新条目的页面
    path('new_entry//', views.new_entry, name='new_entry'),
    # 用于编辑条目的页面
    path('edit_entry//', views.edit_entry, name='edit_entry'),
    # 显示公共主题
    path('public_topics/', views.public_topics, name='public_topics'),
]

在view.py 中 新增视图函数public_topics，并修改一下topic函数的逻辑

def public_topics(request):
    """显示公开的主题"""
    topics = list(Topic.objects.all().order_by('-date_added'))
    for topic in topics[:]:
        if topic.public == False:
            topics.remove(topic)

    context = {'topics': topics}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/public_topics.html', context)

--snip--

# @login_required
def topic(request, topic_id):
    """显示单个主题及其所有的条目"""
    topic = get_object_or_404(Topic, id=topic_id)

    if topic.public == False:
        check_topic_owner(topic, request)

    entries = topic.entry_set.order_by('-date_added')
    context = {'topic': topic, 'entries': entries}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/topic.html', context)

在form.py中 修改TopicForm函数 新增一个表单元素

class TopicForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Topic
        fields = ['text', 'public']
        labels = {'text': '', 'public': ''}

3.修改html文件

我们希望所有人都能通过导航栏看见公共主题

修改base.html

      --snip--
      

        

          
            Topics
  _
        

          
            Public Topics
      
      --snip--

模仿topics.html 新建public.html

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}

{% block page_header %}
  Public Topics
{% endblock page_header %}

{% block content %}
  

    {% for topic in topics %}
      

        
          {{ topic }} 
        {{ topic.owner }}
      
    {% empty %}
    
No public topics have been added yet.
    {% endfor %}
  

{% endblock content %}

非主题所有者不能修改主题

修改 topic.html 的逻辑

{% extends 'learning_logs/base.html' %}

{% block page_header %}
  {{ topic }}
  {% if user == topic.owner %}
  Public: {{ topic.public }}{% endif %}
{% endblock page_header %}

{% block content %}

  {% if user == topic.owner %}
  

    Add new entry
  
{% endif %}
  
  {% for entry in entries %}
    
      

        {{ entry.date_added|date:'M d, Y H:i' }}
        {% if user == topic.owner %}
        
          edit entry{% endif %}
      
      
        {{ entry.text|linebreaks }}
      
    
  {% empty %}
    
There are no entries for this topic yet.
  {% endfor %}

{% endblock content %}

我们希望新建主题时，能提示用户是否将其设置为public

修改new_topic.html

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% load bootstrap4 %}

{% block content %}
  
Add a new topic:

  

    {% csrf_token %}
    {% bootstrap_form form %}

    
      Public or not?
    

    {% buttons %}
      
        Add topic
    {% endbuttons %}
  

{% endblock content %}

最后，迁移项目，迁移在线数据库

 

(ll_env) PS learning_log> git add .
(ll_env) PS learning_log> git commit -am "Add a new function."
(ll_env) PS learning_log> git push heroku master

(ll_env) PS learning_log> heroku run python manage.py migrate

最后，可以在主页解释一下新功能

这样就大功告成了！

 

 都看到这里了不妨点个赞八~