备份是数据安全的最后一道防线，对于任何数据丢失的场景，备份虽然不一定能恢复百分之百的数据(取决于备份周期)，但至少能将损失降到最低。
数据丢失的场景举例：
- 人为操作失误造成某些数据被误操作
- 软件 BUG 造成部分数据或全部数据丢失
- 硬件故障造成数据库部分数据或全部数据丢失
- 安全漏洞被入侵数据恶意破坏
衡量备份恢复有两个重要的指标：
- 恢复点目标(RPO)
- 恢复点目标是指数据能恢复到什么程度
- 恢复时间目标(RTO)
- 恢复时间目标是指数据恢复需要多长时间
数据库备份方式分很多种，从物理与逻辑的角度来看，备份可分为：
- 物理备份：指对数据库操作系统的物理文件（如数据文件、日志文件等）的备份。物理备份又可以分为脱机备份(冷备份)和联机备份(热备份)。
- 冷备份:在关闭数据库时进行的备份操作，能够较好地保证数据库的完整性。
- 热备份:在数据库运行状态中进行操作，这种备份方法依赖于数据库的日志文件。
- 逻辑备份：指对数据库逻辑组件(如"表"等数据库对象)的备份。
数据库的备份从策略角度来看，备份可分为以下几类：
- 完全备份：每次对数据进行完整的备份。可以备份整个数据库，包含用户表、系统表、索引、视图和存储过程等所有数据库对象。但它需要花费更多的时间和空间，所以，做一次完全备份的周期要长些。
- 差异备份：备份那些自从上次完全备份之后被修改过的文件，只备份数据库部分的内容。它比最初的完全备份小，因为只包含自上次完全备份以来所改变的数据库。它的优点是存储和恢复速度快。
- 增量备份：只有那些在上次完全备份或者增量备份后被修改的文件才会被备份。
MySQL官方提供了Mysqldump逻辑备份工具，它的备份原理是通过协议连接到 MySQL 数据库，将需要备份的数据查询出来，将查询出的数据转换成对应的insert语句，当我们需要还原这些数据时，只要执行这些insert语句，即可将对应的数据还原。
//mysqldump命令语法： mysqldump [选项] 数据库名 [表名] > 备份文件名
选项列表：
| 选项名 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| –host | 服务器IP地址 |
| –port | 服务器端口号 |
| –user | MySQL 用户名 |
| –password | MySQL 密码 |
| –databases | 指定要备份的数据库 |
| –all-databases | 备份mysql服务器上的所有数据库 |
| –compact | 压缩模式，产生更少的输出 |
| –comments | 添加注释信息 |
| –complete-insert | 输出完成的插入语句 |
| –lock-tables | 备份前，锁定所有数据库表 |
| –no-create-db / --no-create-info | 禁止生成创建数据库语句 |
| –force | 当出现错误时仍然继续备份操作 |
| –default-character-set | 指定默认字符集 |
| –add-locks | 备份数据库表时锁定数据库表 |
系统行命令
mysql [选项] 数据库名 [表名] > 备份文件名
source 方法
source 备份文件名3、mysql全量备份与恢复实例演示 3.1 mysql全量备份
#备份整个数据库(全备) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | zsl | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use zsl; Database changed mysql> show tables; +---------------+ | Tables_in_zsl | +---------------+ | course | | students | | teacher | +---------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) [root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pPasswd123! --all-databases > all-database-$(date '+%F-%H-%M-%S').sql mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@localhost ~]# ls all-database-2022-07-29-10-45-04.sql anaconda-ks.cfg #备份zsl库的course表、students表和teacher表 [root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pPasswd123! zsl course students teacher > table-$(date '+%F-%H-%M-%S').sql mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@localhost ~]# ls all-database-2022-07-29-10-45-04.sql anaconda-ks.cfg table-2022-07-29-10-45-27.sql #备份zsl库 [root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pPasswd123! --databases zsl > zsl-database-$(date '+%F-%H-%M-%S').sql mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@localhost ~]# ls all-database-2022-07-29-10-45-04.sql table-2022-07-29-10-45-27.sql anaconda-ks.cfg zsl-database-2022-07-29-10-47-47.sql3.2 mysql数据恢复
#模拟误删zsl数据库 mysql> drop database zsl; Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) #恢复zsl数据库 ##方法一：系统行命令数据恢复 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! < zsl-database-2022-07-29-10-47-47.sql mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | zsl | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) 方法二：source数据恢复 mysql> source zsl-database-2022-07-29-10-47-47.sql; ...... Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) ...... mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | zsl | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) #模拟删除zsl库的course表、students表 mysql> drop table course; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> drop table students; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show tables; +---------------+ | Tables_in_zsl | +---------------+ | teacher | +---------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) #恢复zsl库的course表、students表 mysql> source table-2022-07-29-10-45-27.sql; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) ...... Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show tables; +---------------+ | Tables_in_zsl | +---------------+ | course | | students | | teacher | +---------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) #模拟删除整个数据库 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | zsl | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> drop database zsl; Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> drop database sys; Query OK, 101 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> drop database mysql; Query OK, 31 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.03 sec) mysql> drop database performance_schema; Query OK, 87 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | +--------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) #恢复整个数据库 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! < all-database-2022-07-29-10-45-04.sql mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | zsl | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)4、mysql差异备份与恢复实例演示 4.1 mysql差异备份
开启MySQL服务器的二进制日志功能
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /opt/data socket = /tmp/mysql.sock port = 3306 pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid user = mysql skip-name-resolve sql-mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION server-id=1 #设置服务器标识符 log-bin=mysql_bin #开启二进制日志功能 [root@localhost ~]# service mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
对数据库进行完全备份
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | zsl | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show tables from zsl; +---------------+ | Tables_in_zsl | +---------------+ | course | | students | | teacher | +---------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from zsl.course; +----+-------------+ | id | course_name | +----+-------------+ | 1 | HTML | | 2 | JAVA | | 3 | MySQL | | 4 | Python | | 5 | C++ | +----+-------------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from zsl.students; +----+-------+------+------+--------+-----------+ | id | name | age | sex | height | course_id | +----+-------+------+------+--------+-----------+ | 1 | meng | 25 | 女 | 160 | 1 | | 2 | ke | 22 | 男 | 180 | 3 | | 3 | yang | 18 | 男 | 175 | 2 | | 4 | ding | 19 | 女 | 165 | 4 | | 5 | zhong | 20 | 男 | 165 | 5 | +----+-------+------+------+--------+-----------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from zsl.teacher; +----+------+------+------+--------+-----------+ | id | name | age | sex | height | course_id | +----+------+------+------+--------+-----------+ | 1 | aa | 25 | 女 | 160 | 1 | | 2 | bb | 22 | 男 | 180 | 3 | | 3 | cc | 18 | 男 | 175 | 2 | | 4 | dd | 19 | 女 | 165 | 4 | | 5 | ee | 20 | 男 | 165 | 5 | +----+------+------+------+--------+-----------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) #开始完全备份 [root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pPasswd123! --single-transaction --flush-logs --master-data=2 --all-databases --delete-master-logs > all-database-$(date '+%F-%H-%M-%S').sql mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@localhost ~]# ll total 1732 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 878539 Jul 29 10:45 all-database-2022-07-29-10-45-04.sql -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 878710 Jul 29 11:21 all-database-2022-07-29-11-21-10.sql -rw-------. 1 root root 1097 Jul 21 18:41 anaconda-ks.cfg -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3726 Jul 29 10:45 table-2022-07-29-10-45-27.sql -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3862 Jul 29 10:47 zsl-database-2022-07-29-10-47-47.sql #添加或删减内容 mysql> select * from course; +----+-------------+ | id | course_name | +----+-------------+ | 1 | HTML | | 2 | JAVA | | 3 | MySQL | | 5 | C++ | | 6 | wuli | | 7 | huaxue | | 8 | shuxue | | 9 | yuwen | +----+-------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from students; +----+-------+------+------+--------+-----------+ | id | name | age | sex | height | course_id | +----+-------+------+------+--------+-----------+ | 1 | meng | 25 | 女 | 160 | 1 | | 2 | ke | 22 | 男 | 180 | 3 | | 3 | yang | 18 | 男 | 175 | 2 | | 4 | ding | 19 | 女 | 165 | 4 | | 5 | zhong | 20 | 男 | 165 | 5 | +----+-------+------+------+--------+-----------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from teacher; +----+------+------+------+--------+-----------+ | id | name | age | sex | height | course_id | +----+------+------+------+--------+-----------+ | 1 | aa | 25 | 女 | 160 | 1 | | 2 | bb | 22 | 男 | 180 | 3 | | 3 | cc | 18 | 男 | 175 | 2 | | 4 | dd | 19 | 女 | 165 | 4 | | 5 | ee | 20 | 男 | 165 | 5 | | 6 | qq | 20 | 男 | 156 | 2 | | 7 | gg | 60 | 男 | 186 | 3 | | 8 | ff | 20 | 女 | 185 | 2 | | 9 | rr | 15 | 男 | 189 | 9 | +----+------+------+------+--------+-----------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec)4.2 mysql差异备份数据恢复
#模拟误删数据 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! -e 'drop database zsl;' mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! -e 'show databases;' mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ //由上可以看到zsl这个数据库已被删除 #刷新创建新的二进制日志 [root@localhost ~]# ll /opt/data/ total 122984 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 56 Jul 29 02:43 auto.cnf -rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 Jul 29 02:43 ca-key.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Jul 29 02:43 ca.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Jul 29 02:43 client-cert.pem -rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 Jul 29 02:43 client-key.pem -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 669 Jul 29 11:12 ib_buffer_pool -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jul 29 11:39 ibdata1 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jul 29 11:39 ib_logfile0 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jul 29 02:43 ib_logfile1 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jul 29 11:21 ibtmp1 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 20346 Jul 29 11:12 localhost.localdomain.err drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 29 11:10 mysql -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 3913 Jul 29 11:39 mysql_bin.000003 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 19 Jul 29 11:21 mysql_bin.index -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 5 Jul 29 11:12 mysql.pid -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6 Jul 29 11:10 mysql_upgrade_info drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8192 Jul 29 11:10 performance_schema -rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1676 Jul 29 02:43 private_key.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 452 Jul 29 02:43 public_key.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Jul 29 02:43 server-cert.pem -rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 Jul 29 02:43 server-key.pem drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8192 Jul 29 11:10 sys [root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -pPasswd123! flush-logs mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@localhost ~]# ll /opt/data/ total 122988 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 56 Jul 29 02:43 auto.cnf -rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 Jul 29 02:43 ca-key.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Jul 29 02:43 ca.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Jul 29 02:43 client-cert.pem -rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 Jul 29 02:43 client-key.pem -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 669 Jul 29 11:12 ib_buffer_pool -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jul 29 11:41 ibdata1 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jul 29 11:41 ib_logfile0 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jul 29 02:43 ib_logfile1 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jul 29 11:21 ibtmp1 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 20346 Jul 29 11:12 localhost.localdomain.err drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 29 11:10 mysql -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 3960 Jul 29 11:41 mysql_bin.000003 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 154 Jul 29 11:41 mysql_bin.000004 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 38 Jul 29 11:41 mysql_bin.index -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 5 Jul 29 11:12 mysql.pid -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6 Jul 29 11:10 mysql_upgrade_info drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8192 Jul 29 11:10 performance_schema -rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1676 Jul 29 02:43 private_key.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 452 Jul 29 02:43 public_key.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Jul 29 02:43 server-cert.pem -rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 Jul 29 02:43 server-key.pem drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8192 Jul 29 11:10 sys #恢复完全备份 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! < all-database-2022-07-29-11-21-10.sql mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! -e 'show databases;' mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | zsl | +--------------------+ [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! -e 'show tables from zsl;' mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +---------------+ | Tables_in_zsl | +---------------+ | course | | students | | teacher | +---------------+ [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! -e 'select * from zsl.course;' mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +----+-------------+ | id | course_name | +----+-------------+ | 1 | HTML | | 2 | JAVA | | 3 | MySQL | | 4 | Python | | 5 | C++ | +----+-------------+ [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! -e 'select * from zsl.students;' mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +----+-------+------+------+--------+-----------+ | id | name | age | sex | height | course_id | +----+-------+------+------+--------+-----------+ | 1 | meng | 25 | 女 | 160 | 1 | | 2 | ke | 22 | 男 | 180 | 3 | | 3 | yang | 18 | 男 | 175 | 2 | | 4 | ding | 19 | 女 | 165 | 4 | | 5 | zhong | 20 | 男 | 165 | 5 | +----+-------+------+------+--------+-----------+ [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! -e 'select * from zsl.teacher;' mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +----+------+------+------+--------+-----------+ | id | name | age | sex | height | course_id | +----+------+------+------+--------+-----------+ | 1 | aa | 25 | 女 | 160 | 1 | | 2 | bb | 22 | 男 | 180 | 3 | | 3 | cc | 18 | 男 | 175 | 2 | | 4 | dd | 19 | 女 | 165 | 4 | | 5 | ee | 20 | 男 | 165 | 5 | +----+------+------+------+--------+-----------+ #恢复差异备份 [root@localhost ~]# ll /opt/data/ total 189544 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 56 Jul 29 02:43 auto.cnf -rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 Jul 29 02:43 ca-key.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Jul 29 02:43 ca.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Jul 29 02:43 client-cert.pem -rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 Jul 29 02:43 client-key.pem -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 669 Jul 29 11:12 ib_buffer_pool -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 79691776 Jul 29 11:47 ibdata1 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jul 29 11:47 ib_logfile0 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jul 29 02:43 ib_logfile1 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jul 29 11:21 ibtmp1 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 20346 Jul 29 11:12 localhost.localdomain.err drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 29 11:45 mysql -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 3960 Jul 29 11:41 mysql_bin.000003 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 859354 Jul 29 11:45 mysql_bin.000004 -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 38 Jul 29 11:41 mysql_bin.index -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 5 Jul 29 11:12 mysql.pid -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6 Jul 29 11:10 mysql_upgrade_info drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8192 Jul 29 11:10 performance_schema -rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1676 Jul 29 02:43 private_key.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 452 Jul 29 02:43 public_key.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 Jul 29 02:43 server-cert.pem -rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1680 Jul 29 02:43 server-key.pem drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8192 Jul 29 11:10 sys drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 134 Jul 29 11:45 zsl #检查误删数据库的位置在什么地方 mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql_bin.000003'; +------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info | +------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ | mysql_bin.000003 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 123 | Server ver: 5.7.37-log, Binlog ver: 4 | | mysql_bin.000003 | 123 | Previous_gtids | 1 | 154 | | | mysql_bin.000003 | 154 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 219 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | mysql_bin.000003 | 219 | Query | 1 | 290 | BEGIN | | mysql_bin.000003 | 290 | Table_map | 1 | 349 | table_id: 180 (zsl.teacher) | | mysql_bin.000003 | 349 | Write_rows | 1 | 510 | table_id: 180 flags: STMT_END_F | | mysql_bin.000003 | 510 | Xid | 1 | 541 | COMMIT | | mysql_bin.000003 | 541 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 606 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | mysql_bin.000003 | 606 | Query | 1 | 677 | BEGIN | | mysql_bin.000003 | 677 | Table_map | 1 | 728 | table_id: 178 (zsl.course) | | mysql_bin.000003 | 728 | Write_rows | 1 | 808 | table_id: 178 flags: STMT_END_F | | mysql_bin.000003 | 808 | Xid | 1 | 839 | COMMIT | | mysql_bin.000003 | 839 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 904 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | mysql_bin.000003 | 904 | Query | 1 | 975 | BEGIN | | mysql_bin.000003 | 975 | Table_map | 1 | 1034 | table_id: 180 (zsl.teacher) | | mysql_bin.000003 | 1034 | Write_rows | 1 | 1201 | table_id: 180 flags: STMT_END_F | | mysql_bin.000003 | 1201 | Xid | 1 | 1232 | COMMIT | | mysql_bin.000003 | 1232 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 1297 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | mysql_bin.000003 | 1297 | Query | 1 | 1368 | BEGIN | | mysql_bin.000003 | 1368 | Table_map | 1 | 1427 | table_id: 180 (zsl.teacher) | | mysql_bin.000003 | 1427 | Delete_rows | 1 | 1483 | table_id: 180 flags: STMT_END_F | | mysql_bin.000003 | 1483 | Xid | 1 | 1514 | COMMIT | | mysql_bin.000003 | 1514 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 1579 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | mysql_bin.000003 | 1579 | Query | 1 | 1650 | BEGIN | | mysql_bin.000003 | 1650 | Table_map | 1 | 1709 | table_id: 180 (zsl.teacher) | | mysql_bin.000003 | 1709 | Delete_rows | 1 | 1765 | table_id: 180 flags: STMT_END_F | | mysql_bin.000003 | 1765 | Xid | 1 | 1796 | COMMIT | | mysql_bin.000003 | 1796 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 1861 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | mysql_bin.000003 | 1861 | Query | 1 | 1932 | BEGIN | | mysql_bin.000003 | 1932 | Table_map | 1 | 1991 | table_id: 180 (zsl.teacher) | | mysql_bin.000003 | 1991 | Delete_rows | 1 | 2048 | table_id: 180 flags: STMT_END_F | | mysql_bin.000003 | 2048 | Xid | 1 | 2079 | COMMIT | | mysql_bin.000003 | 2079 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 2144 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | mysql_bin.000003 | 2144 | Query | 1 | 2215 | BEGIN | | mysql_bin.000003 | 2215 | Table_map | 1 | 2274 | table_id: 180 (zsl.teacher) | | mysql_bin.000003 | 2274 | Delete_rows | 1 | 2331 | table_id: 180 flags: STMT_END_F | | mysql_bin.000003 | 2331 | Xid | 1 | 2362 | COMMIT | | mysql_bin.000003 | 2362 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 2427 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | mysql_bin.000003 | 2427 | Query | 1 | 2498 | BEGIN | | mysql_bin.000003 | 2498 | Table_map | 1 | 2557 | table_id: 180 (zsl.teacher) | | mysql_bin.000003 | 2557 | Delete_rows | 1 | 2614 | table_id: 180 flags: STMT_END_F | | mysql_bin.000003 | 2614 | Xid | 1 | 2645 | COMMIT | | mysql_bin.000003 | 2645 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 2710 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | mysql_bin.000003 | 2710 | Query | 1 | 2781 | BEGIN | | mysql_bin.000003 | 2781 | Table_map | 1 | 2840 | table_id: 180 (zsl.teacher) | | mysql_bin.000003 | 2840 | Delete_rows | 1 | 2897 | table_id: 180 flags: STMT_END_F | | mysql_bin.000003 | 2897 | Xid | 1 | 2928 | COMMIT | | mysql_bin.000003 | 2928 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 2993 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | mysql_bin.000003 | 2993 | Query | 1 | 3064 | BEGIN | | mysql_bin.000003 | 3064 | Table_map | 1 | 3123 | table_id: 180 (zsl.teacher) | | mysql_bin.000003 | 3123 | Delete_rows | 1 | 3180 | table_id: 180 flags: STMT_END_F | | mysql_bin.000003 | 3180 | Xid | 1 | 3211 | COMMIT | | mysql_bin.000003 | 3211 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 3276 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | mysql_bin.000003 | 3276 | Query | 1 | 3347 | BEGIN | | mysql_bin.000003 | 3347 | Table_map | 1 | 3406 | table_id: 180 (zsl.teacher) | | mysql_bin.000003 | 3406 | Delete_rows | 1 | 3463 | table_id: 180 flags: STMT_END_F | | mysql_bin.000003 | 3463 | Xid | 1 | 3494 | COMMIT | | mysql_bin.000003 | 3494 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 3559 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | mysql_bin.000003 | 3559 | Query | 1 | 3630 | BEGIN | | mysql_bin.000003 | 3630 | Table_map | 1 | 3681 | table_id: 178 (zsl.course) | | mysql_bin.000003 | 3681 | Delete_rows | 1 | 3728 | table_id: 178 flags: STMT_END_F | | mysql_bin.000003 | 3728 | Xid | 1 | 3759 | COMMIT | | mysql_bin.000003 | 3759 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 3824 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | mysql_bin.000003 | 3824 | Query | 1 | 3913 | drop database zsl | | mysql_bin.000003 | 3913 | Rotate | 1 | 3960 | mysql_bin.000004;pos=4 | +------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ 65 rows in set (0.00 sec) #使用mysqlbinlog恢复差异备份 [root@localhost ~]# mysqlbinlog --stop-position=3824 /opt/data/mysql_bin.000003 |mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPasswd123! -e 'select * from zsl.course;' mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +----+-------------+ | id | course_name | +----+-------------+ | 1 | HTML | | 2 | JAVA | | 3 | MySQL | | 5 | C++ | | 6 | wuli | | 7 | huaxue | | 8 | shuxue | | 9 | yuwen | +----+-------------+
扩展
- 二进制日志转换文本文件
mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v mysql_bin.000003 > /opt/mysql_bin003.txt
- 根据时间点恢复数据
mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --stop-datetime=‘2022-07-29 12:06:12’ /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -u root -p //基于时间恢复 从开头到指定的时间停止 之前的都会执行操作
mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-datetime=‘2022-07-29 12:06:16’ /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -u root -p //基于正确的时间恢复 从指定的时间点到结尾都会执行操作
