自动化测试框架模板

一、首先准备好原始代码，已经运行OK的代码

二、准备数据

        放到对应文件夹，数据文件为csv，方便读取，Excel文档有太多版本，不好弄

三、读取csv文件的代码 

import csv
import os
def reader(filename):
    # path="../test_data/"+filename
    # file=open(path)
    base_path=os.path.dirname(__file__)#os表示操作系统，path表示路径，dirname表示文件夹，__file__表示当前这个文件
    path=base_path.replace("func","test_data/"+filename)#读取csv文件的代码和需要读取数据的文件在同一个路径可以不用置换
    list = []#定义一个列表存放读取的文件数据
    #with open() as file该命令在执行完对文件的操作之后，便立刻关闭保存文件。
    with open(path) as file:   #使用with open() as file的格式，目的是在对文件操作之后接着关闭文件，防止长时间占用内存
        table=csv.reader(file)
        i=0
        for row in table:
            if i==0:#文件第一行为标题，不读取，如果第一行不是标题，可以不用if函数
                pass
            else:
                list.append(row)
            i=i+1
    return list

 四、准备HTMLTestRunner.py，下面的模板在py3.0，也可以使用，忘记在哪个博主复制的了。，下面还有其他步骤，不要全部粘贴过去了。

"""
A TestRunner for use with the Python unit testing framework. It
generates a HTML report to show the result at a glance.
The simplest way to use this is to invoke its main method. E.g.
    import unittest
    import HTMLTestRunner
    ... define your tests ...
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        HTMLTestRunner.main()
For more customization options, instantiates a HTMLTestRunner object.
HTMLTestRunner is a counterpart to unittest's TextTestRunner. E.g.
    # output to a file
    fp = file('my_report.html', 'wb')
    runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(
                stream=fp,
                title='My unit test',
                description='This demonstrates the report output by HTMLTestRunner.'
                )
    # Use an external stylesheet.
    # See the Template_mixin class for more customizable options
    runner.STYLESHEET_TMPL = ''
    # run the test
    runner.run(my_test_suite)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2004-2007, Wai Yip Tung
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name Wai Yip Tung nor the names of its contributors may be
  used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
  specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
"""

# URL: http://tungwaiyip.info/software/HTMLTestRunner.html

__author__ = "Wai Yip Tung"
__version__ = "0.8.2"

"""
Change History
Version 0.8.2
* Show output inline instead of popup window (Viorel Lupu).
Version in 0.8.1
* Validated XHTML (Wolfgang Borgert).
* Added description of test classes and test cases.
Version in 0.8.0
* Define Template_mixin class for customization.
* Workaround a IE 6 bug that it does not treat 
%(heading)s
%(report)s
%(ending)s


"""
    # variables: (title, generator, stylesheet, heading, report, ending)

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Stylesheet
    #
    # alternatively use a  for external style sheet, e.g.
    #   

    STYLESHEET_TMPL = """

"""

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Heading
    #

    HEADING_TMPL = """
%(title)s
%(parameters)s
%(description)s

"""  # variables: (title, parameters, description)

    HEADING_ATTRIBUTE_TMPL = """
%(name)s: %(value)s
"""  # variables: (name, value)

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Report
    #

    REPORT_TMPL = """
展示方式
概览
失败
全部


%(test_list)s










    
测试集群/测试用例
    
数量
    
通过
    
失败
    
报错
    
查看

    
总计
    
%(count)s
    
%(Pass)s
    
%(fail)s
    
%(error)s
    
 


"""  # variables: (test_list, count, Pass, fail, error)

    REPORT_CLASS_TMPL = r"""

    %(desc)s
    %(count)s
    %(Pass)s
    %(fail)s
    %(error)s
    详情

"""  # variables: (style, desc, count, Pass, fail, error, cid)

    REPORT_TEST_WITH_OUTPUT_TMPL = r"""

    %(desc)s
    
    
    
        %(status)s
    
        
        
           [x]
        
        
        %(script)s
        
    
    
    

"""  # variables: (tid, Class, style, desc, status)

    REPORT_TEST_NO_OUTPUT_TMPL = r"""

    %(desc)s
    %(status)s

"""  # variables: (tid, Class, style, desc, status)

    REPORT_TEST_OUTPUT_TMPL = r"""
%(id)s: %(output)s
"""  # variables: (id, output)

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # ENDING
    #

    ENDING_TMPL = """ """


# -------------------- The end of the Template class -------------------


TestResult = unittest.TestResult


class _TestResult(TestResult):
    # note: _TestResult is a pure representation of results.
    # It lacks the output and reporting ability compares to unittest._TextTestResult.

    def __init__(self, verbosity=1):
        TestResult.__init__(self)
        self.stdout0 = None
        self.stderr0 = None
        self.success_count = 0
        self.failure_count = 0
        self.error_count = 0
        self.verbosity = verbosity

        # result is a list of result in 4 tuple
        # (
        #   result code (0: success; 1: fail; 2: error),
        #   TestCase object,
        #   Test output (byte string),
        #   stack trace,
        # )
        self.result = []

    def startTest(self, test):
        TestResult.startTest(self, test)
        # just one buffer for both stdout and stderr
        self.outputBuffer = io.BytesIO()
        stdout_redirector.fp = self.outputBuffer
        stderr_redirector.fp = self.outputBuffer
        self.stdout0 = sys.stdout
        self.stderr0 = sys.stderr
        sys.stdout = stdout_redirector
        sys.stderr = stderr_redirector

    def complete_output(self):
        """
        Disconnect output redirection and return buffer.
        Safe to call multiple times.
        """
        if self.stdout0:
            sys.stdout = self.stdout0
            sys.stderr = self.stderr0
            self.stdout0 = None
            self.stderr0 = None
        return self.outputBuffer.getvalue()

    def stopTest(self, test):
        # Usually one of addSuccess, addError or addFailure would have been called.
        # But there are some path in unittest that would bypass this.
        # We must disconnect stdout in stopTest(), which is guaranteed to be called.
        self.complete_output()

    def addSuccess(self, test):
        self.success_count += 1
        TestResult.addSuccess(self, test)
        output = self.complete_output()
        self.result.append((0, test, output, ''))
        if self.verbosity > 1:
            sys.stderr.write('ok ')
            sys.stderr.write(str(test))
            sys.stderr.write('n')
        else:
            sys.stderr.write('.')

    def addError(self, test, err):
        self.error_count += 1
        TestResult.addError(self, test, err)
        _, _exc_str = self.errors[-1]
        output = self.complete_output()
        self.result.append((2, test, output, _exc_str))
        if self.verbosity > 1:
            sys.stderr.write('E  ')
            sys.stderr.write(str(test))
            sys.stderr.write('n')
        else:
            sys.stderr.write('E')

    def addFailure(self, test, err):
        self.failure_count += 1
        TestResult.addFailure(self, test, err)
        _, _exc_str = self.failures[-1]
        output = self.complete_output()
        self.result.append((1, test, output, _exc_str))
        if self.verbosity > 1:
            sys.stderr.write('F  ')
            sys.stderr.write(str(test))
            sys.stderr.write('n')
        else:
            sys.stderr.write('F')


class HTMLTestRunner(Template_mixin):
    """
    """

    def __init__(self, stream=sys.stdout, verbosity=1, title=None, description=None):
        self.stream = stream
        self.verbosity = verbosity
        if title is None:
            self.title = self.DEFAULT_TITLE
        else:
            self.title = title
        if description is None:
            self.description = self.DEFAULT_DESCRIPTION
        else:
            self.description = description

        self.startTime = datetime.datetime.now()

    def run(self, test):
        "Run the given test case or test suite."
        result = _TestResult(self.verbosity)
        test(result)
        self.stopTime = datetime.datetime.now()
        self.generateReport(test, result)
        print('nTime Elapsed: %s' % (self.stopTime - self.startTime), file=sys.stderr)
        return result

    def sortResult(self, result_list):
        # unittest does not seems to run in any particular order.
        # Here at least we want to group them together by class.
        rmap = {}
        classes = []
        for n, t, o, e in result_list:
            cls = t.__class__
            if not cls in rmap:
                rmap[cls] = []
                classes.append(cls)
            rmap[cls].append((n, t, o, e))
        r = [(cls, rmap[cls]) for cls in classes]
        return r

    def getReportAttributes(self, result):
        """
        Return report attributes as a list of (name, value).
        Override this to add custom attributes.
        """
        startTime = str(self.startTime)[:19]
        duration = str(self.stopTime - self.startTime)
        status = []
        if result.success_count: status.append('通过数 %s' % result.success_count)
        if result.failure_count: status.append('失败数 %s' % result.failure_count)
        if result.error_count:   status.append('报错数 %s' % result.error_count)
        if status:
            status = ' '.join(status)
        else:
            status = 'none'
        return [
            ('执行开始时间', startTime),
            ('执行用时', duration),
            ('执行状态', status),
        ]

    def generateReport(self, test, result):
        report_attrs = self.getReportAttributes(result)
        generator = 'HTMLTestRunner %s' % __version__
        stylesheet = self._generate_stylesheet()
        heading = self._generate_heading(report_attrs)
        report = self._generate_report(result)
        ending = self._generate_ending()
        output = self.HTML_TMPL % dict(
            title=saxutils.escape(self.title),
            generator=generator,
            stylesheet=stylesheet,
            heading=heading,
            report=report,
            ending=ending,
        )
        self.stream.write(output.encode('utf8'))

    def _generate_stylesheet(self):
        return self.STYLESHEET_TMPL

    def _generate_heading(self, report_attrs):
        a_lines = []
        for name, value in report_attrs:
            line = self.HEADING_ATTRIBUTE_TMPL % dict(
                name=saxutils.escape(name),
                value=saxutils.escape(value),
            )
            a_lines.append(line)
        heading = self.HEADING_TMPL % dict(
            title=saxutils.escape(self.title),
            parameters=''.join(a_lines),
            description=saxutils.escape(self.description),
        )
        return heading

    def _generate_report(self, result):
        rows = []
        sortedResult = self.sortResult(result.result)
        for cid, (cls, cls_results) in enumerate(sortedResult):
            # subtotal for a class
            np = nf = ne = 0
            for n, t, o, e in cls_results:
                if n == 0:
                    np += 1
                elif n == 1:
                    nf += 1
                else:
                    ne += 1

            # format class description
            if cls.__module__ == "__main__":
                name = cls.__name__
            else:
                name = "%s.%s" % (cls.__module__, cls.__name__)
            doc = cls.__doc__ and cls.__doc__.split("n")[0] or ""
            desc = doc and '%s: %s' % (name, doc) or name

            row = self.REPORT_CLASS_TMPL % dict(
                style=ne > 0 and 'errorClass' or nf > 0 and 'failClass' or 'passClass',
                desc=desc,
                count=np + nf + ne,
                Pass=np,
                fail=nf,
                error=ne,
                cid='c%s' % (cid + 1),
            )
            rows.append(row)

            for tid, (n, t, o, e) in enumerate(cls_results):
                self._generate_report_test(rows, cid, tid, n, t, o, e)

        report = self.REPORT_TMPL % dict(
            test_list=''.join(rows),
            count=str(result.success_count + result.failure_count + result.error_count),
            Pass=str(result.success_count),
            fail=str(result.failure_count),
            error=str(result.error_count),
        )
        return report

    def _generate_report_test(self, rows, cid, tid, n, t, o, e):
        # e.g. 'pt1.1', 'ft1.1', etc
        has_output = bool(o or e)
        tid = (n == 0 and 'p' or 'f') + 't%s.%s' % (cid + 1, tid + 1)
        name = t.id().split('.')[-1]
        doc = t.shortDescription() or ""
        desc = doc and ('%s: %s' % (name, doc)) or name
        tmpl = has_output and self.REPORT_TEST_WITH_OUTPUT_TMPL or self.REPORT_TEST_NO_OUTPUT_TMPL

        # o and e should be byte string because they are collected from stdout and stderr?
        if isinstance(o, str):
            # TODO: some problem with 'string_escape': it escape n and mess up formating
            # uo = unicode(o.encode('string_escape'))
            uo = e
        else:
            uo = o.decode('utf-8')
        if isinstance(e, str):
            # TODO: some problem with 'string_escape': it escape n and mess up formating
            # ue = unicode(e.encode('string_escape'))
            ue = e
        else:
            ue = e.decode('utf-8')

        script = self.REPORT_TEST_OUTPUT_TMPL % dict(
            id=tid,
            output=saxutils.escape(str(uo) + str(ue)),
        )

        row = tmpl % dict(
            tid=tid,
            Class=(n == 0 and 'hiddenRow' or 'none'),
            style=n == 2 and 'errorCase' or (n == 1 and 'failCase' or 'none'),
            desc=desc,
            script=script,
            status=self.STATUS[n],
        )
        rows.append(row)
        if not has_output:
            return

    def _generate_ending(self):
        return self.ENDING_TMPL


##############################################################################
# Facilities for running tests from the command line
##############################################################################

# Note: Reuse unittest.TestProgram to launch test. In the future we may
# build our own launcher to support more specific command line
# parameters like test title, CSS, etc.
class TestProgram(unittest.TestProgram):
    """
    A variation of the unittest.TestProgram. Please refer to the base
    class for command line parameters.
    """

    def runTests(self):
        # Pick HTMLTestRunner as the default test runner.
        # base class's testRunner parameter is not useful because it means
        # we have to instantiate HTMLTestRunner before we know self.verbosity.
        if self.testRunner is None:
            self.testRunner = HTMLTestRunner(verbosity=self.verbosity)
        unittest.TestProgram.runTests(self)


main = TestProgram

##############################################################################
# Executing this module from the command line
##############################################################################

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main(module=None)

五、封装的公共方法（登陆，关闭浏览器等公共操作）

#unittest使用
#BaseTestCase创建一个父类，实现setUpClass和tearDownClass方法
#以后的测试用例继承这个父类
#继承父类，就继承了父类的所有方法，就不需要重新写setUp和tearDown方法
import time
import unittest
from selenium import webdriver

class BaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        cls.driver=webdriver.Chrome()
        cls.driver.maximize_window()
        cls.driver.implicitly_wait(5)
    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls):
        time.sleep(10)
        cls.driver.quit()

六、修改测试用例的文件，使其调用公共方法和读取文件的方法，例如:

import ddt
import unittest
from func.csvFileManager2 import reader
from test_case.BaseTestCase import BaseTestCase

@ddt.ddt
class Register3Test(BaseTestCase):
    table=reader("registerinfo.csv")
    @ddt.data(*table)
    def test_register(self,row):
        self.driver.get("http://127.0.0.1/index.php?m=user&c=public&a=reg")
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("username").send_keys(row[0])
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("password").send_keys(row[1])
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("userpassword2").send_keys(row[2])
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("mobile_phone").send_keys(row[3])
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("email").send_keys(row[4])
        print(self.table)#不加*，表示一个变量，就是列表本身
        print(*self.table)#加上*，表示10个变量，把列表中的每一个元素看做是一个单独的变量

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

七、调用所有用例的run_all_cases.py

import unittest

from lib.HTMLTestRunner import HTMLTestRunner

if __name__ == '__main__':
    #1、找到所有需要执行的测试用例
    suite=unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover("../test_case","*Test.py")
    #2、执行找到的测试用例集
    #unittest.TextTestRunner().run(suite)
    #3、生成测试报告
        #3.1 下载并复制HTMLTestRunner.py文件到我们的项目中，这个文件提供一个美观的测试报告的模板
        #3.2 使用HTMLTestRunner这个类代替TextTestRunner来执行测试用例
        #3.3 断言，自动判断测试用例的结果是否成功，检查点：页面级别的检查（检查网页的标题，网址），页面元素级别的检查（检查元素的文本，元素的某个属性）
        #用断言代替if   else 语句判断
    path="../report/TestReport.html"
    file=open(path,'wb') #w表示写，b表示二进制
    HTMLTestRunner(stream=file, verbosity=1, title="自动化测试报告", description="测试环境：Chrome").run(suite)
    #stream指定测试报告的位置   新建一个文件夹report
    #title  标题
    #description   描述
    #有的还有tester   测试人