题文
The poorer mental function seen among alcoholics，many of whom also regularly smoke cigarettes，may be partly due to the long term effects of nicotine(尼古丁)，new research suggests.“People who are also smokers are at a much higher risk，” Dr.Jennifer M.Glass of the University of Michigan's Addiction Research Center said. In her study，“Cigarette smoking has a bad effect on IQ and thinking，” she said.
This finding may seem counterintuitive(违反直觉的)，since many smokers show that they feel quicker and focused after smoking. Indeed，research shows that improved mental functioning is one of the immediate effects of nicotine exposure. Chronic(慢性的)smoking，however，is known to have the opposite effect. Studies show that up to 87 percent of alcoholics smoke cigarettes.
Yet，few studies have looked into cigarette smoking as a factor that might explain the cognitive(认知的)lack reported among alcoholics. To search for that association，Glass and her colleagues examined brain function among 172 men from the same area，including 103 men who abused alcohol. The team found that men with higher scores on the lifetime alcohol problems scale(LAPS)and those who reported a higher number of pack years of smoking both had lower IQ scores.
Upon further research，the researchers found that smoking also appeared to be independently associated with weaker word and space reasoning.
Thus，though smoking did not account for all of the decreased mental functioning observed among the alcohol abusers，it did seem to account for some of the effects，the report indicates.
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?A．Cigarette smoking contributes to decreased IQ and thinking.B．Alcohol abuse is to blame for the poorer mental function.C．Most of the alcoholics are also heavy smokers.D．Non-smokers mostly have higher IQ scores.小题2:The underline sentence “Chronic smoking, however, is known to have opposite effect” in paragraph 3 suggests:A．Chronic smoking can improve mental functioning.B．Chronic smoking has an immediate influence on mental functioning.C．Chronic smoking has side effect on mental functioning improvement.D．Chronic smokers feel quicker and focused after smoking.小题3:From the passage we can learn that .A．cigarette smoking is not related to reasoningB．nicotine exposure can improve mental functioning temporarilyC．the long term effects of nicotine cause alcoholicsD．men with lower scores on the LAPS have lower IQ scores小题4:It can be inferred from the passage that .A．many alcoholics suffer a great deal from smokingB．giving up smoking is significantly challenging for the alcoholicsC．alcoholics who do not smoke much have higher IQ scoresD．other factors can cause the poorer mental functioning besides smoking小题5:The purpose of this passage is .A．to warn us of the bad effects of smoking on IQ and thinkingB．to tell us why people are addicted to smokingC．to give us some advice on how to improve IQ and reasoningD．to compare the bad effects of alcohol and cigarette 题型：未知难度：其他题型
答案
小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:D
小题5:A
解析
根据调查发现尼古丁对人体神经的长期影响在某种程度上是嗜酒成瘾者智力下降的主要原因，因为他们中很多人同时也是老烟民。尽管抽烟并不是导致嗜酒成瘾者神经系统识别功能降低的全部原因，但确实有一定的影响。提醒人们抽烟对智商和思维能力有消极的影响。
小题1:这是主旨大意题。根据In her study，“Cigarette smoking has a bad effect on IQ and thinking，抽烟对智商和思维能力有消极的影响，故选A。
小题2:这是细节理解题。因为很多人都觉得在抽完烟后反应会更敏捷，注意力更集中。研究结果显示，抽烟后确实会有短暂的意识功能增强，但这只是尼古丁释放的短暂效果之一。然而，长期抽烟会产生相反的效果。故选C。
小题3:这是细节理解题。Indeed，research shows that improved mental functioning is one of the immediate effects of nicotine exposure研究结果显示，抽烟后确实会有短暂的意识功能增强故选B。
小题4:这是推理判断题。根据though smoking did not account for all of the decreased mental functioning observed among the alcohol abusers，it did seem to account for some of the effects，the report indicates.研究报告认为，尽管抽烟并不是导致嗜酒成瘾者神经系统识别功能降低的全部原因，但确实有一定的影响。故选D。
小题5:这是写作意图题。抽烟对智商和思维能力有消极的影响。故选A。
点评：推理判断就是根据作者的意图和倾向来完成相关的问题。 根据你对文章的理解，来判断各个选项的正误。最重要的就是读懂句子的意思，找出文章的中心，这种阅读是深层阅读，但是你最重要的就是找出文章的中心意思，抓住主要句子和相关句子的意思就可以解决了，要注意题目中的一些关键词和文章中的句子的对比，尤其是一些转折词、连词等等。
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“The poorer mental fu.....”主要考查你对 [健康环保类阅读 ]考点的理解。健康环保类阅读
健康环保累阅读概念：
健康环保类文章常是介绍科学知识、生活常识和环境保护方面的短文。体裁有记叙文、 说明文、议论文和各种应用文。
健康环保类文章阅读技巧：
健康环保类文章常是介绍科学知识、生活常识和环境保护方面的短文。阅读此类短文要以现象或事物为中心进行思考，理解现象产生的原因、条件和客观规律等。同时要抓住事物的特征、用途和相互关系等。科普环保类文章一般为说明文，从结构上看大致可分为三个部分：
第一部分一般是文章的首段，主要用来提出文章的主题，即文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容；
第二部分是文章的主体，可由若干个段落组成，对文章的主题进行展开说明；
第三部分是结尾段，对文章的主题进行归纳总结。这类文章多用一般现在时，而且一般多使用客观性词语表述。有时为了强调客观性，也常使用被动语态。
从近几年的考试题来看，科普环保类的文章越来越与人们的实际生活相接近。由于此类文章缺乏故事情节，很多同学对此类文章感到费解。但一般的科普类文章都是就事论事，需要逻辑推理和想象的时候较少，因此此类阅读题也没有同学们想象中的那么难，只要多加训练，就能较好地答题。
【阅读策略】
1、概要(Summarizing)：
阅完材料后，将所阅材料浓缩，摘要，做出所阅材料的书面或口头梗概。
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