题文
ABORIGINAL is a term used to describe the people and animals that lived in a place from the earliest known times or before Europeans arrived. Examples are the Maori in New Zealand, the Aborigines in Australia and the Indians in America. They all share the fact that they were pushed off their land by European settlers.Maori
The Maori were the first people to go to New Zealand, about 1,000 years ago. They came from the islands of Polynesia in the Pacific. They brought dogs, rats and plants with them and settled mainly on the Northern Island. In 1769, Captain James Cook from Britain took possession of the Island and from that time British people started to settle. The Maori signed an agreement on land rights with these settlers, but in later years there were arguments and battles between them.
Aborigines
The native people of Australia came from somewhere in Asia more than 40,000 years ago. They lived by hunting and gathering. Their contact with British settlers began in 1788. By the 1940s almost all of them were mixed into Australian society as low-paid workers. Their rights were limited. In 1976 and 1993 the Australian Government passed laws that returned some land to the Aborigines and recognized their property rights.
American Indians
Long before the Europeans came to America in the 16th and 17th century, the American Indians, or Native Americans, lived there. It is believed that they came from Asia. Christopher Columbus mistook the land for India and so called the people there Indians. The white settlers and American Indians lived in peace at the beginning, but conflicts finally arose and led to the Indian Wars (1866-1890). After the wars, the Indians were driven to the west of the country. Not until 1924 did they gain the right to vote.
小题1:The similarity among Maoris, Aborigines and American Indians is that _________.A．they lost their vote right after European settlers’ arrivalB．they lost their land after European settlers’ arrivalC．they were driven out of their country after European settlers’ arrivalD．they were not treated as citizens until recently小题2:Before European settlers arrived, we can infer that the Aboriginals had lived _________ life.A．a miserableB．a bitterC．a peacefulD．a troublesome小题3:Which of the following was first interrupted by the Europeans?A．Maoris.B．Aborigines.C．American Indians.D．Not mentioned.小题4:The passage mainly tells us _______.A．the war between aboriginal people and white settlersB．the history of Maoris, Aborigines and American IndiansC．the present unfair treatment to aboriginal people of the worldD．European settlers were the enemy of all aboriginal people 题型：未知难度：其他题型
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:C
小题4:B
解析
本文叙述了土居居民的的历史，毛利人在1000多年前来到了新西兰，后来英国人开始来到这里。澳大利亚的土著居民来自亚洲的某个地方，他们靠打猎和采摘为生，后来英国人开始来到这里打扰了他们的生活。美洲的印第安人他们来自亚洲，后来欧洲人来了，他们的生活变得不平静了。这三种土著居民的共同特点就是外人来时，他们的土地被外来人占去了一些并且他们的地位低下。
小题1:细节理解题。根据The Maori signed an agreement on land rights with these settlers,和In 1976 and 1993 the Australian Government passed laws that returned some land to the Aborigines 可推出当时是被抢去一些土地；the Indians were driven to the west of the country. 可知故选B。
小题2:推理判断题。根据They lived by hunting and gathering. Their contact with British settlers began in 1788. 在欧洲人去以前他们过着平静的生活，故选C。
小题3:细节理解题。根据In 1769, Captain James Cook from Britain took possession of the Island and from that time British people started to settle. Maoris是在1769年；Their contact with British settlers began in 1788. Aborigines是在1788年；Long before the Europeans came to America in the 16th and 17th century, the American Indians, or Native Americans, lived there. American Indians是在16世纪；故选C。
小题4:主旨大意题。根据短文的主要讲述了这三种人的历史情况，可知故选B
点评：主旨大意题要识别和理解主题句，可迅速准确地抓住短文的中心思想，从而把握住全篇的主要内容。在确定文章的主旨思想时，选项的内容既不能太具体也不能太笼统。在选择和确定主旨思想时，题中给出的四个选择项往往都是事实，要求考生从中选出最能概括文章主旨思想的一项作为正确答案。在这方面考生容易犯以下两种错误：一种是把主题的一部分看成是文章的“主旨思想”，这样选择的“主旨思想”太具体，不能准确地概括出整个文章或段落的主旨思想。另一种是在表达作者的主旨思想时，词语概括的范围太大，太笼统，超出了作者的本意。
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“ABORIGINAL is a term.....”主要考查你对 [历史文化类阅读 ]考点的理解。历史文化类阅读
什么是历史文化类阅读：
本类题型常用的方式是夹叙夹议。叙述的目的是为了议，所以要把握其议才是主要方面。阅读这类文章，先弄清其引入的话题，再弄清里面人物对其不同的看法，然后理解作者本身对话题的观点看法或思考。
历史文化类阅读技巧：
【题型说明】历史文化类阅读理解文章属高考常选材料之一。这类文章常涉及历史、文化、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、等等。这类材料的命题点往往落在主旨大意题、事实细节题上。
【答题方法】在做这类阅读理解题时，我们应注意以下几个方面：
1、采用先题后文：先读题目，再带着问题读文章。这类阅读理解文章相对来说事实细节题稍多一点，如果带着问题读文章，有利于我们抓细节。
2、先做细节题。因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后，自然会加深我们对文章的理解，这样更有利于做主旨大意题。
3、重点敲定主旨题。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两大类：一类是Main idea型；一类是Topic或Title型。
在解答这类试题时应注意以下几点：
a．读首句抓大意。
文化教育类阅读理解文章多采用说明文、议论文体裁，而这类文章大都采用文章段落的中心，即主题句在文章开头。因此，要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。
b．读尾句抓大意。
有时这类文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾，作为对全篇的总结。
c．读首段抓大意。
有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句。这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用两次点题的写作方法。这两个主题句在句子结构和用词上有所不同，而且在内容上前句和后句也不重复。
d．从段落中抓大意。
有些文章或段落的主题句在文章中，这种文章或段落往往以一句话或几句话引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。
e．归纳要点抓大意。
有些文章或段落无明显的主题句，只是暗示性地体现主题。这就要求同学们在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或线索来概括总结主旨大意。
