The modern Olympic Games, founded in 1896, began as contests between individuals

题文

The modern Olympic Games, founded in 1896, began as contests between individuals, rather than among nations, with the hope of promoting world peace through sportsmanship. In the beginning, the games were open only to amateurs. An amateur is a person whose involvement in an activity---from sports to science or the arts---is purely for pleasure. Amateurs, whatever their contributions to a field, expect to receive no form of compensation ; professionals, in contrast, perform their work in order to earn a living.
From the perspective of many athletes, however, the Olympic playing field has been far from level. Restricting the Olympics to amateurs has precluded（妨碍） the participation of many who could not afford to be unpaid. Countries have always desired to send their best athletes, not their wealthiest ones, to the Olympic Games.
A slender and imprecise line separates what we call “financial support” from “earning money.” Do athletes “earn money” if they are reimbursed（补偿） for travel expenses? What if they are paid for time lost at work or if they accept free clothing from a manufacturer or if they teach sports for a living? The runner Eric Liddell was the son of poor missionaries; in 1924 the British Olympic Committee financed his trip to the Olympics, where he won a gold and a bronze medal. College scholarships and support from the United States Olympic Committee made it possible for American track stars Jesse Owens and Wilma Rudolph and speed skater Dan Jansen to train and compete. When the Soviet Union and its allies joined the games in 1952, the definition of amateur became still muddier. Their athletes did not have to balance jobs and training because as citizens in communist regimes, their government financial support was not considered payment for jobs.
In 1971 the International Olympic Committee(IOC) removed the word amateur from the rules, making it easier for athletes to find the support necessary to train and compete. In 1986 the IOC allowed professional athletes into the games.
There are those who regret the disappearance of amateurism from the Olympic Games. For them the games lost something special when they became just another way for athletes to earn money. Others say that the designation of amateurism was always questionable; they argue that all competitors receive so much financial support as to make them paid professionals. Most agree, however, that the debate over what constitutes an “amateur” will continue for a long time.
小题1: One might infer that _______________________.A．developing Olympic-level skills in athletes is costlyB．professional athletes are mostly interested in financial rewardsC．amateurs does not expect to earn money at the sport that is playedD．amateurs have a better attitude than professionals do小题2: The statement “the Olympic playing field has been far from level” means that__________.A．the ground the athletes played on was in bad conditionB．the poorer players were given some advantagesC．the rules did not work the same way for everyoneD．amateurs were inferior to the professionals in many ways小题3: The financial support given to athletes by the Soviet government can best be compared to ________________.A．a gift received on a special occasion, such as a birthdayB．money received from a winning lottery ticketC．an allowance paid to a childD．money from charity organization小题4: One can conclude that the Olympic Organizing Committee _________________.A．has held firm to its original vision of the Olympic gamesB．has struggled with the definition of amateur over the yearsC．regards itself as an organization for professional athletes onlyD．did nothing but stop allowing communists to participate 题型：未知难度：其他题型

答案

小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:C
小题4:B

解析

本文叙述了奥运会的历史，最初，奥运会是由业余爱好者参加的，他们不需要给钱，只是为了娱乐，到后来为了通过体育运动推进世界和平，才有了各国派出的专业的运动员参加的奥运会。
小题1:推理判断题。根据they argue that all competitors receive so much financial support as to make them paid professionals. 可以推出培养一个运动员花费是很大的，故选A。
小题2:细节理解题。根据Restricting the Olympics to amateurs has precluded（妨碍） the participation of many who could not afford to be unpaid.故选C。
小题3:细节理解题。根据Their athletes did not have to balance jobs and training because as citizens in communist regimes, their government financial support was not considered payment for jobs.所以苏维埃政府给运动员的钱就像给孩子的零花钱，故选C。
小题4:推理判断题。根据Most agree, however, that the debate over what constitutes an “amateur” will continue for a long time.故选B。
点评：推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了做出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。该题要求在理解表面文字的基础上做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意思和深层意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。

考点

据考高分专家说，试题“The modern Olympic G.....”主要考查你对 [历史文化类阅读 ]考点的理解。

历史文化类阅读

什么是历史文化类阅读：

本类题型常用的方式是夹叙夹议。叙述的目的是为了议，所以要把握其议才是主要方面。阅读这类文章，先弄清其引入的话题，再弄清里面人物对其不同的看法，然后理解作者本身对话题的观点看法或思考。

历史文化类阅读技巧：

【题型说明】历史文化类阅读理解文章属高考常选材料之一。这类文章常涉及历史、文化、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、等等。这类材料的命题点往往落在主旨大意题、事实细节题上。
【答题方法】在做这类阅读理解题时，我们应注意以下几个方面：
1、采用先题后文：先读题目，再带着问题读文章。这类阅读理解文章相对来说事实细节题稍多一点，如果带着问题读文章，有利于我们抓细节。
2、先做细节题。因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后，自然会加深我们对文章的理解，这样更有利于做主旨大意题。
3、重点敲定主旨题。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两大类：一类是Main idea型；一类是Topic或Title型。
在解答这类试题时应注意以下几点：
a．读首句抓大意。
文化教育类阅读理解文章多采用说明文、议论文体裁，而这类文章大都采用文章段落的中心，即主题句在文章开头。因此，要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。
b．读尾句抓大意。
有时这类文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾，作为对全篇的总结。
c．读首段抓大意。
有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句。这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用两次点题的写作方法。这两个主题句在句子结构和用词上有所不同，而且在内容上前句和后句也不重复。
d．从段落中抓大意。
有些文章或段落的主题句在文章中，这种文章或段落往往以一句话或几句话引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。
e．归纳要点抓大意。
有些文章或段落无明显的主题句，只是暗示性地体现主题。这就要求同学们在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或线索来概括总结主旨大意。