The early lack of exposure to science ，technology，engineering and mathematics (S

题文

The early lack of exposure to science ，technology，engineering and mathematics (STEM) can be harmful to achieving gender (性别）balance in these fields. It begins when we are young and continues throughout our time in high school.
While at home，girls generally don’t get to experience the level of exposure or encouragement in STEM fields that their male counterparts do. It is often subtle ，but it’s the first hurdle that faces and confuses so many women. Boys ，on the other hand, get on their path ，and are encouraged to do so， generally earlier than girls. For example ，boys are more often given science sets as toys ，which spark an interest in these subjects.
In school ₃ boys are often pushed to take the more challenging math and science classes. So if we want to attract the best and brightest minds into the fields that will advance us as a people _? a country，and a planet，we can no longer look to only half of the population. Young girls cannot possibly consider opportunities they do not know exist. If girls are not exposed to certain subject and career paths，they are highly unlikely to choose to follow them in college.
Our bias(偏见)toward girls₉ either from families or from schools ，is so rooted in our culture that we often don’t even recognize it. Although the situation Has changed greatly in the past 20 or 30 years，there is still a sense that girls aren't as good at math ₉ for instance ₉ even though there is almost no evidence to support such a belief.
It is important that as a society we deal with gender stereotypes long before young people are faced with a decision to declare or choose a major in college. Without making efforts to break them， we are limiting the potentials of our youth，both male and female. Providing the necessary resources， exposure _, and encouragement would help young women understand that their gender shouldn^’t determine the career path they choose, and that pursuing a STEM career does not make them less feminine.
小题1:According to the passage _? not many girls grow to enter STEM fields because______.A．girls are not as good at STEM as boysB．girls do not like to take science classesC．girls get fewer chances to know about STEMD．girls seldom survive the high pressure positions小题2:The underlined word “it” in Para. 4 refers to______A．our biasB．our cultureC．the situationD．a sense小题3:The main purpose of the passage is to______.A．show women’s potentials in STEM fieldsB．praise women’s contributions to STEM fieldsC．describe the present gender bias in STEM fieldsD．call for more involvement of women in STEM fields小题4:Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

题型：未知 难度：其他题型

答案

小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:D

解析

本文介绍了没有很多女性进入STEM领域工作，是因为她们没有什么机会接触这方面的知识。是由于我们的文化导致对女性的偏见，呼吁多一些女性参与STEM领域的工作。
小题1:细节题：从第二段的句子：While at home，girls generally don’t get to experience the level of exposure or encouragement in STEM fields that their male counterparts do.可知没有很多女性进入STEM领域工作，是因为她们没有什么机会接触这方面的知识。选C
小题2:猜词题：我们的偏见扎根于文化，以至于我们都没有意识到这种偏见。选A
小题3:推理题：从最后一段的句子：Providing the necessary resources， exposure _, and encouragement would help young women understand that their gender shouldn^’t determine the career path they choose, and that pursuing a STEM career does not make them less feminine.可知文章呼吁在STEM领域多一些女性。选D
小题4:文章结构题：文章第一段提出话题：现在女性在STEM领域的很少是因为早年没有接触到这方面的知识。第二段讲的是在家里的情况，第三段是在学校的情况，第四段把上两段总结起来说，第五段是这篇文章的总结。选D
点评：本文介绍了没有很多女性进入STEM领域工作，是因为她们没有什么机会接触这方面的知识。是由于我们的文化导致对女性的偏见，呼吁多一些女性参与STEM领域的工作。这类文章结构清晰易懂，。集中考查了句意理解题和细节题，要求考生有较强的细节理解能力。做题时也可以结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断。文章结构图的解答关键是弄清每段的大意。

考点

据考高分专家说，试题“The early lack of ex.....”主要考查你对 [社会现象类阅读 ]考点的理解。

社会现象类阅读

社会现象类阅读概念：

这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。

社会现象类阅读解题技巧：

这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。阅读这类文章要理清思路。
1、浏览试题，明确要求。
      在阅读文章前，最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项。知道了问题后再去看文章，可使思路更敏捷，而且也便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。
2、通读全文，抓住主要内容。
      在不影响理解的前提下，尽可能地阅读以便在尽可能短的时间内理解文章或段落的内容。阅读时，如遇到不熟悉的单词、词组或一时看不懂的句子，不要停下来苦思冥想，继续读下去，通过上下文的词语和句子可能就理解了。
3、抓住中心思想和段落大意。
      通读全文时，要特别注意主题句。每篇文章或每个段落都有与文章有关的句子，尤其是科技、政论性文章的主题句一般都在文章的开头或结尾，插在中间的很少。所以，文章的第一段或开头的第一、二个句子往往包含着文章的中心思想、作者的意图或全文的概述，因此要特别注意，彻底理解。
4、有针对性地仔细阅读，找寻所需信息。
      在前面的基础上，可进行有针对性地阅读了。把与问题无关的内容一扫而过，而对于和问题有关的内容认真阅读，还可以用笔在下面做出记号。再把这些信息与问题的要求结合起来，逐条分析，综合判断，找出正确答案。
5、进行合理的推理判断。
      对文章有了全面的了解之后，可以按照文章要求以及上下文之间的关系，做出推理判断。在进行推理判断的时候，需要综合考虑句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等方面的因素。
6、认真复读，验证答案。
      要用全文的中心思想统帅各个题目，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，并依次审核那些还未打上的题目，确保理解无误。