题文
Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.The researcher organized an experimental tournament involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.
Observers noted down the referees’ errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.
The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.
There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.
If FIFA, football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.
He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.
小题1:The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ________.A．review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World CupB．analyse the causes of errors made by football refereesC．set a standard for football refereeingD．reexamine the rules for football refereeing小题2:The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was ________.A．slightly above averageB．higher than in the 1998 World CupC．quite unexpectedD．as high as in a standard match小题3:The findings of the experiment show that ________.A．errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ballB．the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errorsC．the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely errors will occurD．errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot小题4:The word “officials” (Para. 4) most probably refers to ________.A．the researchers involved in the experimentB．the inspectors of the football tournamentC．the referees of the football tournamentD．the observers at the site of the experiment小题5:What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?A．The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.B．Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.C．A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.D．An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition. 题型：未知 难度：其他题型
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:C
小题5:B
解析
本文介绍了一项研究，对于世界杯中裁判的表现的具体研究，结果发现裁判越靠近事发地点越容易犯错，以及其他的一些具体的研究结果的信息介绍。
小题1:B 细节题。根据文章第一段最后一句A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.可知这项研究主要是为了分析裁判犯错的原因，来分析裁判的表现。故B正确。
小题2:C 细节题。根据文章第二段3,4行Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.可知裁判所犯的错误的数量大大超过了人们的预料。故C正确。
小题3:A 细节题。根据文章第二段5,6行Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident可知当裁判离事发地点教近的时候，最容易犯错。故A正确。
小题4:C 推理题。根据本句Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action.可知这里的officials就是指上文的the referees，故C项内容正确。
小题5:B 推理题。根据文章最后一段He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.可知作者认为年龄不应该成为限制。故B正确。
点评：本文介绍了一项研究，对于世界杯中裁判的表现的具体研究，结果发现裁判越靠近事发地点越容易犯错，以及其他的一些具体的研究结果的信息介绍。文章基本上是考查细节题，对此类题型考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“Long after the 1998 .....”主要考查你对 [社会现象类阅读 ]考点的理解。社会现象类阅读
社会现象类阅读概念：
这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。
社会现象类阅读解题技巧：
这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。阅读这类文章要理清思路。
1、浏览试题，明确要求。
在阅读文章前，最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项。知道了问题后再去看文章，可使思路更敏捷，而且也便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。
2、通读全文，抓住主要内容。
在不影响理解的前提下，尽可能地阅读以便在尽可能短的时间内理解文章或段落的内容。阅读时，如遇到不熟悉的单词、词组或一时看不懂的句子，不要停下来苦思冥想，继续读下去，通过上下文的词语和句子可能就理解了。
3、抓住中心思想和段落大意。
通读全文时，要特别注意主题句。每篇文章或每个段落都有与文章有关的句子，尤其是科技、政论性文章的主题句一般都在文章的开头或结尾，插在中间的很少。所以，文章的第一段或开头的第一、二个句子往往包含着文章的中心思想、作者的意图或全文的概述，因此要特别注意，彻底理解。
4、有针对性地仔细阅读，找寻所需信息。
在前面的基础上，可进行有针对性地阅读了。把与问题无关的内容一扫而过，而对于和问题有关的内容认真阅读，还可以用笔在下面做出记号。再把这些信息与问题的要求结合起来，逐条分析，综合判断，找出正确答案。
5、进行合理的推理判断。
对文章有了全面的了解之后，可以按照文章要求以及上下文之间的关系，做出推理判断。在进行推理判断的时候，需要综合考虑句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等方面的因素。
6、认真复读，验证答案。
要用全文的中心思想统帅各个题目，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，并依次审核那些还未打上的题目，确保理解无误。
