When several people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them

题文

When several people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you are alone observing one behavior or a person at two different times, you may see different things. The followings are but some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions(感知,认识):
(1)    Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experiences.
(2) Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what’ve observed. It is not necessarily true that person perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same standard to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.
(3) Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don’t see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore the stimulus——“He’s basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting(入店行窃).” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information ——“All kids get into mischief(顽皮). Taking a book from a bookstore isn’t such a big deal.” We can change the meaning of the contradictory information--- “It wasn’t shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.”…
小题1:The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is _____.A．our hearing and visual abilitiesB．cultural background and personal experiences C．the experience one learns from others D．critical measures taken by other people小题2:While observing a particular person,________.A．one is likely to take all aspects into consideration B．one pays more attention to his/her advantages C．children often differ from grown-ups in perception D．one tends to choose certain aspects to look at小题3:Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because _____.A．they follow different standardsB．either of them may be slow to catch informationC．the time for observation is not long enoughD．each of them uses different language to express his/her impressions小题4: The underlined word “stimulus” in Paragraph 4 refers to _____.A．something attractiveB．selective perceptionC．contradictory informationD．shoplifting小题5:The worst thing in selective perception is that ______.A．the information received runs against your desireB．facts can be twisted or totally ignored C．importance of the contradictory information can be overrated (估计过高)D．misbehaved children may not be punished 题型：未知 难度：其他题型

答案

小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:C
小题5:B 

解析

几个人看同样的人会感觉不一样，同一个人在不同的时候看同一件事情也会不同，这是因为一些因素影响人们的认知。
小题1:细节题：从第一段的句子：Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experiences.可知第一个影响人的认知的因素是我们的文化背景和个人经历。选B。
小题2:细节题：从文章第三段的句子：It is not necessarily true that person perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus primarily on the situation or role relationship.可知当观察一个特定的人，一个人往往会选择某些方面看。选D
小题3:细节题：依据句子“Most people do not use the same yardstick（尺码） to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.”可知同样的人同时被两个人观察可能不一样，因为他们使用的是不同的标准，选项A
小题4:猜词题：从文章第四段的句子：Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory information is particularly obvious, but it can be done.选择性认知很显然更难，当矛盾信息显而易见的时候，可知“stimulus”是矛盾的信息，所以选C
小题5:细节题：从文章第四段的句子：We can ignore the stimulus——“He’s basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting(入店行窃).” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information可知选择性认知最坏的事情是事实被扭曲或完全忽视。所以选B。

考点

据考高分专家说，试题“When several people .....”主要考查你对 [社会现象类阅读 ]考点的理解。

社会现象类阅读

社会现象类阅读概念：

这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。

社会现象类阅读解题技巧：

这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。阅读这类文章要理清思路。
1、浏览试题，明确要求。
      在阅读文章前，最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项。知道了问题后再去看文章，可使思路更敏捷，而且也便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。
2、通读全文，抓住主要内容。
      在不影响理解的前提下，尽可能地阅读以便在尽可能短的时间内理解文章或段落的内容。阅读时，如遇到不熟悉的单词、词组或一时看不懂的句子，不要停下来苦思冥想，继续读下去，通过上下文的词语和句子可能就理解了。
3、抓住中心思想和段落大意。
      通读全文时，要特别注意主题句。每篇文章或每个段落都有与文章有关的句子，尤其是科技、政论性文章的主题句一般都在文章的开头或结尾，插在中间的很少。所以，文章的第一段或开头的第一、二个句子往往包含着文章的中心思想、作者的意图或全文的概述，因此要特别注意，彻底理解。
4、有针对性地仔细阅读，找寻所需信息。
      在前面的基础上，可进行有针对性地阅读了。把与问题无关的内容一扫而过，而对于和问题有关的内容认真阅读，还可以用笔在下面做出记号。再把这些信息与问题的要求结合起来，逐条分析，综合判断，找出正确答案。
5、进行合理的推理判断。
      对文章有了全面的了解之后，可以按照文章要求以及上下文之间的关系，做出推理判断。在进行推理判断的时候，需要综合考虑句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等方面的因素。
6、认真复读，验证答案。
      要用全文的中心思想统帅各个题目，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，并依次审核那些还未打上的题目，确保理解无误。