题文
These young men were a different kind of prisoner from those we had seen before. They- were brave, hostile（怀敌意的）and＿1__ they would not take orders, and shouted "Amandla！”at every opportunity. Their instinct was to confront（对抗）rather than cooperate. The authorities② did not know how to handle them, and they turned the island upside down. During the Rivonia Trial, I remarked to a security policeman that if the government did not reform itself, the freedom fighters who would take our place③would some-day make the authorities miss us. That day had indeed come on Robben Island.In these young men we saw the angry revolutionary spirit of the times. I had had some warning. On a visit with Winnie a few months before, she had managed to tell me through our coded conversation that there was a rising class of discontented youths④ who were violent and Africanist in beliefs. She said they were changing the nature of the struggle and that I should be aware of them.
The new prisoners were shocked by what they considered the inhuman conditions of the island, and said that they could not understand how we could live in such a way. We told them that they should have seen the island in 1964. But they were almost as sceptical of us as they were of the authorities. They chose to ignore our calls for discipline and thought our advice weak and unassertive（不果断）．
It was obvious that they regarded us, the Rivonia Trialists⑤，as moderates⑥（温和派）． After so many years of being branded a radical（激进的）revolutionary, to be seen as a moderate was a novel and not altogether pleasant feeling. I knew that I could react in one of two ways：I could scold them for their disrespect or I could listen to what they were saying. I chose the latter.
'then some of these men, such as Strini Moodley of the South African Students' Organization and Saths Cooper of the Black People's Convention, came into our section, I __2____
Shortly after their arrival on the island, the commanding officer came and asked me as a favour to address the young men. He wanted me to tell them to behave themselves, to recognize the fact that they were in prison and to accept the discipline of prison life．I told him that I was not prepared to do that. Under the circumstances, they would have regarded me as a follower of the authorities.
(-adapted from "Long walk to freedom: The autobiography of Nelson Mandela')
小题1:Which of the following words fits best in Blank 1？A．mildB．aggressiveC．friendlyD．optimistic小题2:We may infer from the passage all of the following EXCEPT that＿A．an angry massive revolution was probably on its wayB．the author's activities were strictly monitoredC．many were concerned about the influence these young men could makeD．these young men were willing to cooperate in face of difficulties小题3:Sentences are missing in Blank 2 regarding the author's following reactions. Which of the following reactions do you think he would have?A．"I" asked them to tell us about their movement and beliefs.B．"I" reported to the officers about their dissatisfaction.C．"I" tried to calm them down and talked them into behaving.D．"I" just turned a deaf ear to the young men.小题4:Which of the following is true according to the passage?A．Conditions of the prison were far more unsatisfactory in 1964.B．Officers of the prison turned the island upside down to discipline the young men.C．The Rivonia Trialists felt honored to be regarded as moderates.D．The young men regarded the author as a follower of the authorities.小题5:Several phrases have been underlined and numbered in the passage; which two of them actually refer to the same people?A．①②B．③④C．⑤③D．⑥① 题型：未知 难度：其他题型
答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:A
小题5:B
解析
文章是曼德拉自传Long walk to freedom节选的一部分，在这部分里面，曼德拉介绍了一些对现实不满，好斗的，不愿合作的年轻人，他们有自己的想法，怀疑政府，曼德拉对他们的态度是非常宽容理解的。
小题1:填词题：从第一段的句子;They were brave, hostile（怀敌意的），可知和brave，hostle并列的是aggressive （好斗的，有进攻性的），选B
小题2:推理题：从文章的第一段的句子：Their instinct was to confront（对抗）rather than cooperate.可知这些年轻人是不合作的，可知D。
小题3:推理题：从倒数第三段的句子;I could scold them for their disrespect or I could listen to what they were saying. I chose the latter.可知作者会让年轻人说出他们的运动和信念，选A。
小题4:细节题：从文章第三段的句子：The new prisoners were shocked by what they considered the inhuman conditions of the island, and said that they could not understand how we could live in such a way. We told them
that they should have seen the island in 1964.可知在1964年监狱的条件远远不能让人满意，选A
小题5:推理题：the freedom fighters who would take our place指的是“会取代我们的自由卫士” a rising class of discontented youths是“越来越多的不满的年轻人”，他们是一类人，所以选B
考点
据考高分专家说，试题“These young men were.....”主要考查你对 [人物传记类阅读 ]考点的理解。人物传记类阅读
人物传记类文章的文体特征：
人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。
人物传记类文章的阅读策略和解题技巧：
1、把握文体特征，注意写作手法如前文所述，人物传记是记叙文体的一种，因此在阅读时要把握好时间、地点、人物和事件这四大要素。
其次，还应该注意人物传记类文章的结构多按时间顺序排列，一般采用倒叙的写作手法，有时也采用插叙和补叙等手段。弄清楚人物传记类文章的特征和写作手法，能帮助考生在阅读和回答问题时做到高效省时、准确无误。
2、抓住题干关键词，采用寻读的方法查找细节描述事实细节题是人物传记类文章的主要题型，一般常见以下几种类型：
(1)对号入座题：
这种题的答案一般在原文中可以直接找到，只要读懂文章，掌握文章中的事实，如时间、地点、事件等细节问题，就能选对正确答案。
(2)词义转换题：
这种题常常是原文有关词语和句子的转换，而不能在原文中直接找到。它要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。
(3)是非题：
该题型俗称“三缺一”题型，即题目四个选项中有三个符合文章内容，剩下一个不符合。题干多为：Which of the following isTRUE?或者三个不符合文章内容，剩下一个符合，题干多为：Which of the following…isNOTtrue?或All the following are true EXCEPT
(4)排序题：
这种题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。
(5)指代理解题：
一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。可采用“逻辑关系梳理法”，使人物或事件关系清晰条理。不管题型如何，在做事实细节题时，可采用比较实用的方法一有目的的阅读。在阅读时，首先看题目要求我们理解什么细节，找出关键词，然后以此为线索，运用寻读的技巧迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语。认真比较选项和文中细节的区别，在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。这样一来，既提高了阅读的速度，又能确保答案的准确率。同时，建议阅读文章时把与答案相符的句子或短语用红线标示出来，标号注上是哪一题答案的相关句子，这样在检查时就不必重新阅读整篇文章了。
3、抽丝剥茧，推理判断深层含义推理判断题主要提问那些未曾在文中说明，但已特别暗示的内容，考查考生对文章的准确理解和判断。人物传记类文章常见的推理判断题型为：
(1)细节推断题：
要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。
(2)因果推断题：
要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。
(3)人物性格、作者态度及观点判断题：
人物传记类文章中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物的语气、言语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上做出一定推论和判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。解答此类题时，要注意：
(1)吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。
(2)对文字的表面信息进俐宅掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深。从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等进行符合逻辑的推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。
(3)基于文章内容，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
(4)把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。
(5)注意文中所用词句的感情色彩，是讽刺性的，批评性的，赞成性的，还是反对性的，以便推测作者的观点和态度。
