黄艳芳 谭绍珍 何东梅
[摘要]目的 分析加强心理护理在福利院孤残儿童护理工作中的应用效果。方法 选取2015年3月~2017年8月广州市社会福利院的60例孤残儿童作为研究对象,根据护理方法不同分为参照组与实验组,每组各30例。参照组采用常规护理,实验组采用常规护理联合加强心理护理,比较两组干预前和干预3个月后的心理健康相关因子评分、孤独症行为量表评分、发展和行为量表评分、抑郁发生率、自残行为发生率。结果 实验组干预3个月后的心理健康相关因子、孤独症行为量表评分均低于参照组,发展和行为量表评分高于对照组(P<0.05);实验组干预3个月后的抑郁发生率、自残行为发生率明显低于参照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 对福利院孤残儿童开展常规护理联合加强心理护理能够获得良好效果。
[关键词]福利院;孤残儿童;心理护理;护理措施
[中图分类号] R5473.72 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2019)2(a)-0220-04
[Abstract] Objective To analyze application effect of intensive psychological nursing in nursing for orphans and disabled children in welfare homes. Methods From March 2015 to August 2017, 60 orphans and disabled children in the Guangzhou Social Welfare Institute were selected as the subjects. According to different nursing methods, they were equally divided into reference group and experimental group, with 30 cases in each group. In the reference group, participants were provided with regular nursing, while in the experimental group, intensive psychological nursing was added. The scores of mental health related factors, scores from autism behavior scale, scores of development and behavior scale, incidence of depression and self-injury before intervention and 3-month after intervention were compared between the two groups. Results After 3-month intervention, the scores of mental health related factors and autism behavior scale in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the reference group, and the scores of development and behavior scale was higher than that in the reference group (P<0.05). The incidence rates of depression and self-injury after 3 months of intervention in the experimental group were lower than those in the reference group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Implementation of regular nursing combined with intensive psychological nursing for orphans and disabled children in welfare homes can obtain a favorable effect.
[Key words] Welfare home; Orphans and disabled children; Psychological nursing; Nursing measures
福利院的孤殘儿童是社会中比较特殊的一个弱势群体,孤残儿童多存在一定的生理障碍或是心理障碍现象,其心理以及社会问题存在复杂性特征。而且,福利院中的孤残儿童群体相对比较庞大,据民政部《2016年社会服务发展统计公报》,我国共有儿童福利机构465个,集中供养孤儿8.8万人。和正常儿童比较,生理方面的发展更是受到一些复杂因素的相关影响,从而也导致孤残儿童的生理障碍及心理障碍更加严重。另外,由于福利院孤残儿童存在父母以及完整家庭中的亲情严重缺乏,容易出现性格比较内向、孤僻以及自卑、自律性和道德水平比较差,甚至是出现严重扭曲的心理状况等[1]。本研究选取广东省广州市社会福利院的60例孤残儿童作为研究对象,旨在探讨福利院孤残儿童的心理护理干预方法及效果,现报道如下。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
综上所述,对福利院孤残儿童开展常规护理联合加强心理护理可以获得良好的效果,有助于改善福利院孤残儿童的心理健康情况,减少福利院孤残儿童出现抑郁和自残行为,展示应用价值,本研究还存在一定的不足,本研究纳入的样本资料比较少,下一步需要扩大样本量开展更深入的研究。
[参考文献]
[1]袁仿来,汪耀黎,肖福芳,等.亲子式护理对孤残婴幼儿身心发育的影响[J].中国民康医学,2016,28(19):1-3.
[2]程毛凤.福利院孤残儿童的心理护理[J].中国当代医药,2009,16(18):96.
[3]刘娜,赵君,韩晓兰,等.合肥市3~17岁孤残儿童患龋状况调查[J].安徽医科大学学报,2016,51(9):1350-1353.
[4]万静,蔡永玲,王涛,等.福利院孤残儿童心理护理现状分析及护理对策分析[J].心理醫生,2017,23(34):280-281.
[5]李立花,万静,谢小梅,等.福利机构中孤残儿童心理康复的护理分析[J].心理医生,2017,23(30):219-220.
[6]李雪梅.孤残儿童护理中换位思考的应用效果观察[J].实用临床护理学电子杂志,2016,1(9):112,115.
[7]王季鸿,龚佩花,范玉玲,等.60例孤残儿童营养筛查及肠营养干预效果分析[J].中国民康医学,2015,27(7):13-14.
[8]张华.浅析我市福利院孤残儿童的心理护理现状[J].黑龙江医学,2012,36(5):399-400.
[9]郑会芳,龚佩花,黄佩,等.机构照料孤残儿童适应能力培养[J].中国民康医学,2017,29(12):57-61.
[10]谢东芝,苏虹媚.心理护理在孤残儿童康复中的临床应用[J].中国当代医药,2018,25(26):179-181.
[11]杨发祥,徐少睿,卢达明,等.孤残儿童机构照顾的实践模式及其优化路径——以广东G市社会福利中心为例[J].江西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2016,49(3):122-126.
[12]范篆玲,姜怡邓,杨晓玲,等.784例孤残儿童残疾特点及康复效果分析[J].中国民康医学,2016,28(20):4-6.
[13]尹维.新疆乌鲁木齐孤残儿童营养不良发生情况及影响因素分析[J].中外医学研究,2016,14(25):157-158.
[14]孙艳艳.政府购买孤残儿童社会工作服务的成效分析与优化策略[J].南通大学学报(社会科学版),2016,32(1):148-154.
[15]胡希珍.福利院孤残儿童心理问题及其护理干预研究[J].心理医生,2016,22(36):249-250.
(收稿日期:2018-06-08 本文编辑:闫 佩)



